Á¦ 72 Æí |
PAPER 72 |
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ÀÌ¿ô Ç༺ÀÇ Á¤ºÎ |
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72:0.1 |
¶ó³ªÈÌÁöÀÇ Çã¶ô¿¡ ÀǰÅÇÏ¿© ±×¸®°í ¿¡µ§½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Áö°íÀÚÀÇ Çã¶ô ÇÏ¿¡, ³ª´Â »çŸ´Ï¾Æ ü°è¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÈ ¾î´À ¸ÖÁö ¾ÊÀº Ç༺¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå Áøº¸µÈ Àΰ£ Á¾Á·ÀÇ »çȸÀû, µµ´öÀû, Á¤Ä¡Àû »ýȰ Áß ÀϺθ¦ À̾߱âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀ» ºÎ¿©¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
BY PERMISSION of Lanaforge and with the approval of the Most Highs of Edentia, I am authorized to narrate something of the social, moral, and political life of the most advanced human race living on a not far-distant planet belonging to the Satania system. |
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72:0.2 |
·ç½ÃÆÛÀÇ ¹Ý¶õ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀ¸·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ °í¸³µÇ°Ô µÇ¾ú´ø »çŸ´Ï¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Àüü ¼¼°èµé Áß¿¡¼, ÀÌ Ç༺Àº À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿Í °ÅÀÇ ¶È°°Àº ¿ª»ç¸¦ üÇèÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ µÎ ±¸Ã¼µéÀÇ À¯»ç¼º ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾ÆÁÖ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ¼Ò°³¸¦ Çã¶ô¹ÞÀº °ÍÀε¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾î´À ÇÑ Ç༺ÀÇ ÀÏÀ» ´Ù¸¥ Ç༺¿¡°Ô ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº ±× ü°è ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡°Ô ¸Å¿ì Áø±ÍÇÑ ÀÏÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
Of all the Satania worlds which became isolated because of participation in the Lucifer rebellion, this planet has experienced a history most like that of Urantia. The similarity of the two spheres undoubtedly explains why permission to make this extraordinary presentation was granted, for it is most unusual for the system rulers to consent to the narration on one planet of the affairs of another. |
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72:0.3 |
À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ·ç½ÃÆÛ ¹Ý¶õ°úÀÇ °ü°è¿¡¼ ÀÌ Ç༺ÀÇ Ç༺¿µÁÖ°¡ ºÒÃæÇÔÀ¸·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã Ÿ¶ôÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾Æ´ãÀÌ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ µµÂøÇÑ ÈÄ ¾ó¸¶ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼ ÀÌ Ç༺¿¡µµ ¹°Áú¾ÆµéÀÌ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ¾Æµé ¿ª½Ã ºÒÀÌÇàÇÏ¿©, ±× ±¸Ã¼¸¦ °í¸³µÈ ä·Î ³öµÎ°í Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÁýÁ¤°ü ¾ÆµéÀÌ ±×°÷ ÇÊ»ç Á¾Á·µé¿¡°Ô´Â Áõ¿©µÈ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
This planet, like Urantia, was led astray by the disloyalty of its Planetary Prince in connection with the Lucifer rebellion. It received a Material Son shortly after Adam came to Urantia, and this Son also defaulted, leaving the sphere isolated, since a Magisterial Son has never been bestowed upon its mortal races. |
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72:1.1 |
ÀÌ Ç༺ÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÒ¸®ÇÑ Á¶°Çµé¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ µ¶¸³µÈ ÇÑ ´ë·ú¿¡¼ ÇϳªÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ ¹®¸íÀÌ ÁøÈÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¶óÀÇ ±¹¹ÎÀº ¾à 140,000,000¸í¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¹ÎÁ·Àº È¥ÇÕµÈ Á¾Á·À̰í, û»ö ÀÎÁ¾°ú Ȳ»ö ÀÎÁ¾ÀÌ ¾ÐµµÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àºµ¥, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ¹é»ö ÀÎÁ¾À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÎÁ¾º¸´Ù ¾à°£ ´õ ¸¹Àº º¸¶ó»ö ÀÎÁ¾ ¼ººÐÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾Á·µéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ÃæºÐÈ÷ Çǰ¡ ¼¯ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅÂÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸Å¿ì Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ÇüÁ¦¿ì¾Ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ±³Á¦¸¦ ³ª´©°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ´ë·ú¿¡ »ç´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Æò±Õ ¼ö¸íÀº ÇöÀç 90¼¼ Á¤µµÀ̸ç, ±× Ç༺¿¡ »ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² ¹ÎÁ·º¸´Ùµµ ¾à 15ÆÛ¼¾Æ® Á¤µµ ´õ ¿À·¡ »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
Notwithstanding all these planetary handicaps a very superior civilization is evolving on an isolated continent about the size of Australia. This nation numbers about 140 million. Its people are a mixed race, predominantly blue and yellow, having a slightly greater proportion of violet than the so-called white race of Urantia. These different races are not yet fully blended, but they fraternize and socialize very acceptably. The average length of life on this continent is now ninety years, fifteen per cent higher than that of any other people on the planet. |
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72:1.2 |
ÀÌ ³ª¶óÀÇ »ê¾÷ ±â¼úÀº ±× ´ë·úÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÁöÇüÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Å¿ì Å« ÇýÅÃÀ» ´©·È´Ù. ³ôÀº »ê¾ÇÁö´ë¿¡´Â ÀÏ ³â¿¡ 8°³¿ù µ¿¾È ºñ°¡ ³»¸®´Âµ¥, ±× Áö¿ªÀÇ ¾ÆÁÖ ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥¿¡ ÀÚ¸® Àâ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬ Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ¼ö·Â ¹ßÀüÀÌ È°¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ°í, ´ë·úÀÇ 4ºÐÀÇ 1¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¼ÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºñ±³Àû °ÇÁ¶ÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡ ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ ¹°À» °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
The industrial mechanism of this nation enjoys a certain great advantage derived from the unique topography of the continent. The high mountains, on which heavy rains fall eight months in the year, are situated at the very center of the country. This natural arrangement favors the utilization of water power and greatly facilitates the irrigation of the more arid western quarter of the continent. |
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72:1.3 |
ÀÌµé ±¹¹ÎµéÀº ÀÚÄ¡-ÀÚ¸³À» Çϴµ¥, ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ, ±×µéÀº ÀÎÁ¢µÈ ±¹°¡µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾î¶² °Íµµ ¼öÀÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê°íµµ ¾ó¸¶µçÁö »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº õ¿¬ ÀÚ¿øÀ» dzºÎÇÏ°Ô º¸À¯Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °úÇÐÀûÀÎ ±â¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ »ýȰÇʼöǰµéÀÇ °áÇÌÀ» º¸ÃæÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ö¿Ô´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ±¹³» ±³¿ªÀº Ȱ¹ßÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×µéº¸´Ù ´ú Áøº¸µÈ ÀÌ¿ô ±¹°¡µéÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀΠȣÀü¼º ¶§¹®¿¡ ±¹Á¦ ¹«¿ªÀº °ÅÀÇ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
These people are self-sustaining, that is, they can live indefinitely without importing anything from the surrounding nations. Their natural resources are replete, and by scientific techniques they have learned how to compensate for their deficiencies in the essentials of life. They enjoy a brisk domestic commerce but have little foreign trade owing to the universal hostility of their less progressive neighbors. |
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72:1.4 |
ÀÌ ´ë·ú ±¹°¡´Â ´ëü·Î Ç༺ÀÇ ÁøÈ Ãß¼¼¸¦ µû¶ú´Âµ¥: ºÎÁ·±¹°¡ ´Ü°è·ÎºÎÅÍ °·ÂÇÑ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµé°ú ¿ÕµéÀÌ µîÀåÇϱâ±îÁö ¼ö õ ³âÀÌ °É·È´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ °èÃþÀÇ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹«Á¶°ÇÀûÀÎ ±ºÁÖµéÀÌ À̾îÁ³´Ù¦¡½ÇÆÐ·Î ³¡³ ¿¬¹æ, °øµ¿Ã¼ ¿¬ÇÕ, ±×¸®°í µ¶Àç Á¤±ÇµéÀÌ ³¡¾øÀÌ Çã´ÙÇÏ°Ô ¿À°í °¬´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼ºÀåÀº 500³â Àü±îÁö °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, Á¤Ä¡Àû È¥¶õ±â¿¡, ±× ³ª¶óÀÇ °·ÂÇÑ ÈûÀ» °¡Áø µ¶ÀçÀÚ-ÁýÁ¤°üµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª°¡ ½ÉÁ¤À» ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÎ ³ª¸ÓÁö µÎ »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡¼ ºñ±³Àû ³·Àº ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´ø »ç¶÷µµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¶ÀçÀڽźÐÀ» Æ÷±âÇϰí, ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±ÇÇÑÀ» À̾çÇÏ´Â Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ÅðÀÓÇϱ⸦ ÀÚûÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±× ´ë·úÀÇ ÅëÄ¡±ÇÀº ÇÑ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ¾È¿¡ µé¾î°¬´Ù. ÅëÇÕµÈ ±¹°¡´Â °ÅÀÇ 100³â ÀÌ»ó °ÇÑ ±ºÁÖÀû ÅëÄ¡ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ Áøº¸ÇÏ¿´°í, ±× ±â°£ µ¿¾È¿¡ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÇØ¹æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇåÀåÀÌ ÁøÈµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
This continental nation, in general, followed the evolutionary trend of the planet: The development from the tribal stage to the appearance of strong rulers and kings occupied thousands of years. The unconditional monarchs were succeeded by many different orders of government -- abortive republics, communal states, and dictators came and went in endless profusion. This growth continued until about five hundred years ago when, during a politically fermenting period, one of the nation's powerful dictator-triumvirs had a change of heart. He volunteered to abdicate upon condition that one of the other rulers, the baser of the remaining two, also vacate his dictatorship. Thus was the sovereignty of the continent placed in the hands of one ruler. The unified state progressed under strong monarchial rule for over one hundred years, during which there evolved a masterful charter of liberty. |
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72:1.5 |
±× ÈÄ¿¡ ±ºÁÖ Á¤Ä¡·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ëÀÇÁ¦µµ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Á¤ºÎ·Î ÀüȯµÇ´Â °úÁ¤ÀÌ Á¡Â÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú°í, ¿ÕÀº ´Ü¼øÇÑ »çȸÀû ¶Ç´Â ±¹¹Î Á¤¼¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¸í¸ñ»óÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³²ÀÚ ÈİèÀÚ°¡ À̾îÁöÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÇÀÚ ¸¶Ä§³» »ç¶óÁ³´Ù. ÇöÀçÀÇ ¿¬¹æÀº °Ü¿ì 200³â ÀüºÎÅÍ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ±× ±â°£ µ¿¾È¿¡ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î À̾߱âÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ ±â¹ýµéÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© °è¼Ó ¹ßÀüµÇ¾î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, »ê¾÷°ú Á¤Ä¡ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ ¹ßÀüÀº Áö³ 10³â µ¿¾È¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. |
The subsequent transition from monarchy to a representative form of government was gradual, the kings remaining as mere social or sentimental figureheads, finally disappearing when the male line of descent ran out. The present republic has now been in existence just two hundred years, during which time there has been a continuous progression toward the governmental techniques about to be narrated, the last developments in industrial and political realms having been made within the past decade. |
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72:2.1 |
ÀÌ ´ë·ú ±¹°¡´Â Áß¾Ó¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ±¹°¡ ¼öµµ¿Í ÇÔ²² ´ëÀÇ Á¤ºÎ üÁ¦¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Áß¾Ó Á¤ºÎ´Â ºñ±³Àû µ¶¸³µÈ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 100°³ ÁÖ(ñ¶)¸¦ °üÇÒÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ °·ÂÇÑ ¿¬¸ÍÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁÖµéÀº 10³â ÀÓ±âÀÇ ÀÚü ÁÖÁö»çµé°ú ÀÇ¿øµéÀ» ¼±ÃâÇϸç, ´©±¸µµ Àç¼±ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÁÖ ÀçÆÇ°üµéÀº ÁÖÁö»çµéÀÇ ÀÓ¸í°ú ÀÇ¿øµéÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Æò»ýÅä·Ï ÀçÁ÷Çϸç, ½Ã¹Î 1,000¸í¸¶´Ù ´ëÇ¥ÀÚ ÇÑ »ç¶÷¾¿À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. |
This continental nation now has a representative government with a centrally located national capital. The central government consists of a strong federation of one hundred comparatively free states. These states elect their governors and legislators for ten years, and none are eligible for re-election. State judges are appointed for life by the governors and confirmed by their legislatures, which consist of one representative for each one hundred thousand citizens. |
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72:2.2 |
µµ½ÃÀÇ Å©±â¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ 5°³ À¯ÇüÀÇ ½Ã(ã¼) Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾î¶² µµ½Ãµµ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÌ 1 ¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÌ»óÀ» °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¸é, ÀÌµé µµ½Ã¸¦ ´Ù½º¸®´Â ü°è´Â ¸Å¿ì ´Ü¼øÇϰí Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÌ¸ç °æÁ¦ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã¸¦ ÅëÄ¡ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¼öÀÇ °øÁ÷ÀÚµéÀº ÃÖ°í À¯ÇüÀÇ ½Ã¹Îµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ³¯Ä«·Ó°Ô Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. |
There are five different types of metropolitan government, depending on the size of the city, but no city is permitted to have more than one million inhabitants. On the whole, these municipal governing schemes are very simple, direct, and economical. The few offices of city administration are keenly sought by the highest types of citizens. |
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72:2.3 |
¿¬¹æ Á¤ºÎ´Â ¼¼ °³ÀÇ Çùµ¿ ºÐ°ú·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î Àִµ¥: ÇàÁ¤ºÎ¿Í ÀÔ¹ýºÎ ±×¸®°í »ç¹ýºÎ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬¹æ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® ÁýÇàÀÚ´Â 6³â¸¶´Ù Àüü Áö¿ªÀÇ ÅõÇ¥¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼±ÃâµÈ´Ù. ±× »ç¶÷Àº Àç¼±ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϰí, ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î 75°³ ÁÖ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÁÖ ÀÇ¿øµéÀÇ ¿äû°ú °¢°¢ÀÇ ÁÖÁö»çµéÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Àç¼±µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÇÑ ¹ø ÀÌ»óÀº ÀçÀ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±× »ç¶÷Àº ¾ÆÁ÷ »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â ÀüÁ÷ ÁýÇàÀÚ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®µé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ÃÖ°í ³»°¢À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¶¾ðÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. |
The federal government embraces three co-ordinate divisions: executive, legislative, and judicial. The federal chief executive is elected every six years by universal territorial suffrage. He is not eligible for re-election except upon the petition of at least seventy-five state legislatures concurred in by the respective state governors, and then but for one term. He is advised by a supercabinet composed of all living ex-chief executives. |
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72:2.4 |
ÀÔ¹ýºÎ´Â 3°³ÀÇ ÀÇȸ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù: |
The legislative division embraces three houses: |
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72:2.5 |
1. »ó¿ø(ß¾êÂ)Àº »ê¾÷, Àü¹®Á÷, ³ó¾÷ ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ Áý´Üµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼±ÃâµÇ¸ç, °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ±â´É¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÅõÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. |
1. The upper house is elected by industrial, professional, agricultural, and other groups of workers, balloting in accordance with economic function. |
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72:2.6 |
2. ÇÏ¿ø(ù»êÂ)Àº »ê¾÷À̳ª Àü¹®Á÷À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ »çȸÀû, Á¤Ä¡Àû, öÇÐÀû Áý´ÜµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϴ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »çȸ Á¶Á÷üµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼±ÃâµÈ´Ù. °ÇÀüÇÑ ½ÅºÐÀ» °®´Â ¸ðµç ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº µÎ ºÎ·ùÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÚµé ¼±Ãâ¿¡ ¸ðµÎ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±× ¼±°Å°¡ »ó¿ø¿¡ °ü°èµÈ °ÍÀÌ³Ä ÇÏ¿ø¿¡ °ü°èµÈ °ÍÀ̳Ŀ¡ µû¶ó¼ ¼·Î ´Ù¸£°Ô ºÐ·ùµÈ´Ù. |
2. The lower house is elected by certain organizations of society embracing the social, political, and philosophic groups not included in industry or the professions. All citizens in good standing participate in the election of both classes of representatives, but they are differently grouped, depending on whether the election pertains to the upper or lower house. |
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72:2.7 |
3. Á¦»ï(ð¯ß²) ÀÇȸ¦¡°í·ÉÀÇ Á¤Ä¡°¡µé¦¡³ë·ÃÇÑ ½Ã¹Î ºÀ»çÀÚµéÀ» Æ÷¿ËÇϰí ÀÖ°í ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® ÁýÇàÀÚ¿Í Áö¿ª(¿¬¹æ¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÈ) ÁýÇàÀÚµé°ú ´ë¹ýÁ¤ÀÇ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®µé ±×¸®°í »óÇÏ ¾ç¿ø(Õ×êÂ)ÀÇ Áöµµ±Þ °ü¸®µéÀÌ Áö¸íÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº Àú¸íÇÑ ÀλçµéÀÌ Âü¿©Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Áý´ÜÀº 100¸íÀ¸·Î Á¦ÇѵǾî ÀÖ°í, ±× ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº °í·ÉÀÇ Á¤Ä¡°¡ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Ȱµ¿¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼±ÃâµÇ¸ç, ºóÀÚ¸®°¡ »ý±æ ¶§¿¡´Â Áö¸íµÈ »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº Ç¥¸¦ ¾òÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³²Àº ±â°£ µ¿¾È ±× ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇϵµ·Ï ¼±ÃâµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â°üÀÇ È°µ¿¹üÀ§´Â ¼øÀüÈ÷ Á¶¾ðÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀÌÁö¸¸, ¿©·ÐÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â °·ÂÇÑ ±â°üÀ̰í Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÐ¾ßµé¿¡ Å©°Ô ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇÑ´Ù. |
3. The third house -- the elder statesmen -- embraces the veterans of civic service and includes many distinguished persons nominated by the chief executive, by the regional (subfederal) executives, by the chief of the supreme tribunal, and by the presiding officers of either of the other legislative houses. This group is limited to one hundred, and its members are elected by the majority action of the elder statesmen themselves. Membership is for life, and when vacancies occur, the person receiving the largest ballot among the list of nominees is thereby duly elected. The scope of this body is purely advisory, but it is a mighty regulator of public opinion and exerts a powerful influence upon all branches of the government. |
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72:2.8 |
¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ÇàÁ¤Àû Ȱµ¿µé °ÅÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº 10°³ÀÇ Áö¿ªº°(¿¬¹æ Á¤ºÎ »êÇÏ) °ü°è´ç±¹µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼öÇàµÇ´Âµ¥, ±× °¢°¢Àº 10°³ÀÇ ÁÖµéÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ Áö¿ªº° ±â°üµéÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÁýÇà°ú °ü¸®¸¸À» ´ã´çÇϴµ¥, ÀÔ¹ýÀ̳ª »ç¹ý ±â´ÉÀº ÀüÇô °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. 10°³ Áö¿ªÀÇ ÁýÇàÀÚµéÀº ¿¬¹æ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® ÁýÇàÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ Áö¸íÇϸç, ±×µéÀÇ ÀçÁ÷ ±â°£Àº ±×ÀÇ Àӱ⦡6³â¦¡¿Í ¶È°°´Ù. ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ ´ë¹ýÁ¤ÀÌ 10¸íÀÇ ÀÌ Áö¿ªº° ÁýÇàÀÚµé Áö¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ½ÂÀÎÇϰí, ±×µéÀº Àç(î¢)Áö¸íµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ÀºÅðÇÑ ÁýÇàÀÚµéÀº ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚ±â ÈÄÀÓÀÚÀÇ µ¿·á ±×¸®°í Ãæ°íÀÚ°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, ÀÌ Áö¿ªº° ´ëÇ¥ÀÚµéÀÌ ÇàÁ¤ °ü¸®µé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ³»°¢À» Á÷Á¢ ±¸¼ºÇÑ´Ù. |
Very much of the federal administrative work is carried on by the ten regional (subfederal) authorities, each consisting of the association of ten states. These regional divisions are wholly executive and administrative, having neither legislative nor judicial functions. The ten regional executives are the personal appointees of the federal chief executive, and their term of office is concurrent with his -- six years. The federal supreme tribunal approves the appointment of these ten regional executives, and while they may not be reappointed, the retiring executive automatically becomes the associate and adviser of his successor. Otherwise, these regional chiefs choose their own cabinets of administrative officials. |
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72:2.9 |
ÀÌ ³ª¶ó´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ÀçÆÇ ü°è¦¡¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀçÆÇ°ú »çȸ°æÁ¦¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀçÆÇ¦¡¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ÆÇ°áÀ» ³»¸°´Ù. ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀçÆÇÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ 3°³ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÈ´Ù: |
This nation is adjudicated by two major court systems -- the law courts and the socioeconomic courts. The law courts function on the following three levels: |
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72:2.10 |
1. Áö¹æ¹ý¿ø¦¡½Ã ¶Ç´Â Áö¹æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °üÇÒ±ÇÀ» °¡Áö¸ç, ±× °áÁ¤Àº ÁÖ(ñ¶) °íµî¹ý¿ø¿¡ Ç×¼ÒµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½. |
1. Minor courts of municipal and local jurisdiction, whose decisions may be appealed to the high state tribunals. |
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72:2.11 |
2. ÁÖ(ñ¶) ´ë¹ý¿ø¦¡±× °áÁ¤Àº ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ ¶Ç´Â ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ ±Ç¸®¿Í ÇØ¹æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä§ÇØ´Â ¿¹¿ÜÀÓ. Áö¿ª ÁýÇàÀÚµéÀº ¾î¶² »ç·ÊµçÁö Áï½Ã ¿¬¹æ ´ë¹ý¿øÀÇ ¹ýÁ¤ ¾Õ¿¡ Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀ» °®´Â´Ù. |
2. State supreme courts, whose decisions are final in all matters not involving the federal government or jeopardy of citizenship rights and liberties. The regional executives are empowered to bring any case at once to the bar of the federal supreme court. |
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72:2.12 |
3. ¿¬¹æ ´ë¹ý¿ø¦¡ÁÖ(ñ¶) ¹ý¿øµé·ÎºÎÅÍ »óÁ¤µÈ Ç×¼Ò »ç°Çµé°ú ±¹°¡Àû ³íÀïµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÆÇ°áÇÏ´Â ´ë¹ýÁ¤. ÀÌ ´ë¹ýÁ¤Àº, ¾î¶² ÁÖ ¹ýÁ¤¿¡¼ 2³â ÀÌ»ó ±Ù¹«ÇÑ 40¼¼ºÎÅÍ 75¼¼ »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 12¸íÀÇ ³²ÀÚµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀº ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® ÁýÇàÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Áö¸íµÇ°í ÃÖ°í ³»°¢ °ú¹Ý¼öÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ¿Í ÀÔ¹ýºÎÀÇ Á¦3 ÀÇȸÀÇ µ¿ÀǸ¦ ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÃÖ°í »ç¹ý ±â°üÀÇ ¸ðµç °áÁ¤µéÀº Àû¾îµµ 3ºÐÀÇ 2 ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ç¥¸¦ ¾ò¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. |
3. Federal supreme court -- the high tribunal for the adjudication of national contentions and the appellate cases coming up from the state courts. This supreme tribunal consists of twelve men over forty and under seventy-five years of age who have served two or more years on some state tribunal, and who have been appointed to this high position by the chief executive with the majority approval of the supercabinet and the third house of the legislative assembly. All decisions of this supreme judicial body are by at least a two-thirds vote. |
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72:2.13 |
»çȸ°æÁ¦¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀçÆÇÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¼¼ °¡Áö ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ¸·Î ³ª´²Áø´Ù: |
The socioeconomic courts function in the following three divisions: |
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72:2.14 |
¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò´Â ±¹°¡ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ÀÔ¹ýºÎ, °í·ÉÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ÁöµµÀÚµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ÀÇȸÀÇ 4ºÐÀÇ 3ÀÇ Âù¼ºÀ» ¾ò´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â »çȸ°æÁ¦Àû »ç°Ç¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±× ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, °¡Á¤°ú ±³À° ±×¸®°í ³ëµ¿ ÃÖ°í ÀçÆÇ¼ÒÀÇ ¸ðµç °áÁ¤ÀÌ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ °áÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. |
The federal supreme court does not pass upon socioeconomic cases except upon the three-quarters vote of the third legislative branch of the national government, the house of elder statesmen. Otherwise, all decisions of the parental, educational, and industrial high courts are final. |
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72:3.1 |
ÀÌ ´ë·ú¿¡¼´Â, ÇÑ Áý¿¡¼ µÎ °¡Á·ÀÌ »ç´Â °ÍÀº À§¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í Áý´ÜÀûÀÎ ÁÖ°Å´Â ¹ýÀ» ¾î±â´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ¾ÆÆÄÆ® À¯ÇüÀÇ °Ç¹° ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ Ã¶°ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °áÈ¥ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Ŭ·´À̳ª È£ÅÚ ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÇüÀÇ Áý´ÜÀû °ÅÁÖÁö¿¡¼ »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁýÀ» À§ÇØ Çã¶ôµÈ °¡Àå ÀÛÀº ´ëÁö´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 50,000 Æò¹æÇÇÆ®ÀÇ ¶¥À» °®Ãß¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÁýÀ» Áþ±â À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ¶¥°ú Àç»êÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ ÅÃÁö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀÇ 10¹è±îÁö ¼¼±ÝÀÌ ¸éÁ¦µÈ´Ù. |
On this continent it is against the law for two families to live under the same roof. And since group dwellings have been outlawed, most of the tenement type of buildings have been demolished. But the unmarried still live in clubs, hotels, and other group dwellings. The smallest homesite permitted must provide fifty thousand square feet of land. All land and other property used for home purposes are free from taxation up to ten times the minimum homesite allotment. |
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72:3.2 |
ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °¡Á¤»ýȰÀº Áö³ ¼¼±â µ¿¾È¿¡ Å©°Ô ÁõÁøµÇ¾ú´Ù. ºÎ¸ð·Î ¼ö°íÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé, ¾Æ¹öÁöµé°ú ¾î¸Ó´ÏµéÀº ºÎ¸ð·Î¼ÀÇ ÀÚ³à ÈÆ·ÃÀ» À§ÇÑ Çб³¿¡ Àǹ«ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù³à¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ÀÛÀº ½Ã°ñ ¸¶À»¿¡ »ç´Â ³óºÎµéµµ À̰Ͱú »óÀÀÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çϴµ¥, ¸Å 10Àϸ¶´Ù¦¡2ÁÖ¸¶´Ù, ±×µéÀº 5ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ ÁÖ(ñÎ)·Î °è»êÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÓ¦¡±Ùó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼¾ÅÍ¿¡ ³ª°¡¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. |
The home life of this people has greatly improved during the last century. Attendance of parents, both fathers and mothers, at the parental schools of child culture is compulsory. Even the agriculturists who reside in small country settlements carry on this work by correspondence, going to the near-by centers for oral instruction once in ten days -- every two weeks, for they maintain a five-day week. |
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72:3.3 |
°¢ °¡Á¤ÀÇ Æò±Õ ÀÚ³à ¼ýÀÚ´Â ´Ù¼¸À̸ç, ±×µéÀº Ãæ¸¸ÇÏ°Ô ºÎ¸ðÀÇ Á¶Á¤À» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ºÎ¸ðµé ÁßÀÇ ¾î´À ÇÑ ÂÊ ¶Ç´Â µÑ ¸ðµÎ°¡ »ç¸ÁÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¡Á¤ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÁöÁ¤µÇ´Â ÈÄ¿øÀÚÀÇ Á¶Á¤À» ¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¾î¶² °¡Á·À̵çÁö ºÎ¸ð°¡ µÑ ¸ðµÎ ¾ø´Â °í¾ÆÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÀÚ°¡ µÇ´Â »ó±Þ(ßÛÐå)À» ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¸í¿¹·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù. °æÀïÀûÀÎ ½ÃÇèÀÌ ºÎ¸ðµé¿¡°Ô ½ÃÇàµÇ°í, ÃÖ°íÀÇ ºÎ¸ð ÀÚ°ÝÁ¶°ÇÀ» °®Ãß°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆÇ¸íµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °¡Á¤¿¡ °í¾Æ°¡ ¸Ã°ÜÁø´Ù. |
The average number of children in each family is five, and they are under the full control of their parents or, in case of the demise of one or both, under that of the guardians designated by the parental courts. It is considered a great honor for any family to be awarded the guardianship of a full orphan. Competitive examinations are held among parents, and the orphan is awarded to the home of those displaying the best parental qualifications. |
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72:3.4 |
ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡Á¤À» ±×µéÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ» À§ÇÑ ±âº» ±³À°±â°üÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ³àµé ±³À°¿¡ °¡Àå °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â ºÐ¾ß¿Í ¼º°Ý ÈÆ·ÃÀÌ ±× ºÎ¸ðµé°ú °¡Á¤¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¸ÀåµÇµµ·Ï ¿ä±¸Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ¹öÁöµéµµ ¾î¸Ó´ÏµéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °ÅÀÇ °°Àº Á¤µµ·Î ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ¾çÀ°¿¡ Âü¿©Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. |
These people regard the home as the basic institution of their civilization. It is expected that the most valuable part of a child's education and character training will be secured from his parents and at home, and fathers devote almost as much attention to child culture as do mothers. |
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72:3.5 |
¸ðµç ¼º±³À°(àõÎçëÀ)Àº °¡Á¤¿¡¼ ºÎ¸ð¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¶Ç´Â ¹ýÀûÀÎ ¼öÈ£Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ½Ç½ÃµÈ´Ù. µµ´ö ±³À°Àº Çб³ ½Ç½À½Ç¿¡¼ ¹æ°ú ÈÄ ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È¿¡ ¼±»ýµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¦°øµÇÁö¸¸, Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ÈÆ·ÃÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê°í, ¹èŸÀûÀÎ ºÎ¸ðµéÀÇ Æ¯±ÇÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵǸç, Á¾±³´Â °¡Á¤»ýȰ¿¡¼ÀÇ ÇϳªÀÇ Áý´ë¼ºÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼øÀüÈ÷ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ±³À°Àº öÇÐÀÇ ½ÅÀü¿¡¼¸¸ ¿ÀÁ÷ °ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°øµÇ¸ç, À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ±³È¸µé°ú °°Àº ¹èŸÀûÀÎ Á¾±³ ±â°üÀº ÀÌ ±¹¹Îµé¿¡¼ Á¶¼ºµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐ Áß¿¡, Á¾±³´Â ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ» ¾Ë°íÀÚÇÏ´Â ºÐÅõ¿Í µ¿·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÀ»ç¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Àڱ⠵¿·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶ûÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, À̰ÍÀÌ ÀÌ Ç༺¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµéÀÇ Á¾±³ »óÅÂÀÇ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ µé ±¹¹Î¿¡°Ô´Â Á¾±³°¡ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Á· ¹®Á¦À̱⠶§¹®¿¡, Á¾±³Àû ¸ðÀÓÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Ưº°È÷ ¸¶·ÃµÈ °ø°øÀå¼Ò´Â ¾ø´Ù. Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î, À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÎ µéÀÌ º¸Åë ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº, ±³È¸¿Í ±¹°¡´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸, Á¾±³¿Í öÇÐÀº ±âÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÁßøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. |
All sex instruction is administered in the home by parents or by legal guardians. Moral instruction is offered by teachers during the rest periods in the school shops, but not so with religious training, which is deemed to be the exclusive privilege of parents, religion being looked upon as an integral part of home life. Purely religious instruction is given publicly only in the temples of philosophy, no such exclusively religious institutions as the Urantia churches having developed among this people. In their philosophy, religion is the striving to know God and to manifest love for one's fellows through service for them, but this is not typical of the religious status of the other nations on this planet. Religion is so entirely a family matter among these people that there are no public places devoted exclusively to religious assembly. Politically, church and state, as Urantians are wont to say, are entirely separate, but there is a strange overlapping of religion and philosophy. |
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72:3.6 |
20³â Àü±îÁö¸¸ ÇÏ¿©µµ ¿µÀûÀÎ ¼±»ýµé(À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¸ñ»ç¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â)ÀÌ Á¤ºÎÀÇ °¨µ¶À» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀº °¢ °¡Á¤ÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ ±× ºÎ¸ðµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ÈÆÀ°À» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿µÀû Ãæ°íÀÚÀÌ¸ç ½ÃÇè°üÀÎ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÇöÀç »õ·Î ⸳µÈ ¿µ Áøº¸ Àç´Ü(î¯Ó¥), ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ ±âºÎ±ÝÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µµÇ´Â ¾î´À ±â°üÀÇ Áö½Ã¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶ ÀÌ ±â°üÀº ³«¿øÃµ±¹ ÁýÁ¤°ü ¾ÆµéÀÇ µµÂø ÀÌÈıîÁö ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÁøÈÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
Until twenty years ago the spiritual teachers (comparable to Urantia pastors), who visit each family periodically to examine the children to ascertain if they have been properly instructed by their parents, were under governmental supervision. These spiritual advisers and examiners are now under the direction of the newly created Foundation of Spiritual Progress, an institution supported by voluntary contributions. Possibly this institution may not further evolve until after the arrival of a Paradise Magisterial Son. |
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72:3.7 |
¾î¸°À̵éÀº 15»ìÀÌ µÉ ¶§±îÁö Àڱ⠺θðµé¿¡°Ô ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò¼ÓµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, ±× ³ªÀ̰¡ µÇ¸é ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ Àǹ«°¡ óÀ½À¸·Î ºÎ°úµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¶§ºÎÅÍ 5ȸ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ½ÃÇàµÇ´Â 5³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ °ø°³ÀûÀÎ ÈÆ·ÃÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¿¬·ÉÀÇ Áý´Üµé¿¡°Ô ºÎ¿©µÇ°í, ±×µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎ¸ðÀÇ Àǹ«´Â ÁÙ¾îµå´Â ¹Ý¸é, ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ Àǹ«µé°ú »çȸÀû Àǹ«µéÀÌ ºÎ°úµÈ´Ù. ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀº 20¼¼¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁö°í, ºÎ¸ðÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ ¾øÀÌ °áÈ¥ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç¸®´Â 25¼¼°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ºÎ¿©µÇ¸ç, ÀÚ³àµéÀº 30¼¼°¡ µÉ ¶§±îÁö °¡Á¤À» ¶°³¯ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
Children remain legally subject to their parents until they are fifteen, when the first initiation into civic responsibility is held. Thereafter, every five years for five successive periods similar public exercises are held for such age groups at which their obligations to parents are lessened, while new civic and social responsibilities to the state are assumed. Suffrage is conferred at twenty, the right to marry without parental consent is not bestowed until twenty-five, and children must leave home on reaching the age of thirty. |
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72:3.8 |
°áÈ¥°ú ÀÌÈ¥¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹ýÀº ³ª¶ó Àüü°¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. 20¼¼¦¡½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î¼ ÂüÁ¤±ÇÀ» °®´Â ¿¬·É¦¡ÀÌÀüÀÇ °áÈ¥Àº Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. °áÈ¥ Çã¶ôÀº ¿ÀÁ÷, °áÈ¥ Àǻ縦 ¹àÈù Áö 1³â ÈÄ¿¡¾ß, ±×¸®°í °áÈ¥ »ýȰÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ºÎ¸ð ¿¹ºñ Çб³¿¡¼ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â Áõ¸í¼°¡ ½Å¶û°ú ½ÅºÎ µÑ ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦½ÃµÈ ÈÄ¿¡¾ß ³»·ÁÁø´Ù. |
Marriage and divorce laws are uniform throughout the nation. Marriage before twenty -- the age of civil enfranchisement -- is not permitted. Permission to marry is only granted after one year's notice of intention, and after both bride and groom present certificates showing that they have been duly instructed in the parental schools regarding the responsibilities of married life. |
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72:3.9 |
ÀÌÈ¥ ±ÔÄ¢Àº ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¾ö°ÝÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ÆíÀÌÁö¸¸, °¡Á¤ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¹ßÇàµÈ ÀÌÈ¥ Çã°¡¼´Â ½Åû¼°¡ Á¢¼öµÈ ÀÌÈÄ·Î 1³âÀÌ µÉ ¶§±îÁö ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ Ç༺¿¡¼ÀÇ 1³âÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ 1³âº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ±æ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥À» ½±°Ô Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹ý¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ÇöÀçÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥À²Àº À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¹®¸íÈµÈ Á¾Á·µéÀÇ 10ºÐÀÇ 1¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. |
Divorce regulations are somewhat lax, but decrees of separation, issued by the parental courts, may not be had until one year after application therefor has been recorded, and the year on this planet is considerably longer than on Urantia. Notwithstanding their easy divorce laws, the present rate of divorces is only one tenth that of the civilized races of Urantia. |
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72:4.1 |
ÀÌ ³ª¶óÀÇ ±³À° ü°è´Â 5¼¼ºÎÅÍ 18¼¼±îÁö ´ëÇб³À° ÀÌÀüÀÇ Àǹ«±³À°°ú ³²³à °øÇÐ ±³À°À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ Çб³µéÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Íµé°ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸£´Ù. ±×°÷¿¡´Â ±³½ÇÀÌ ¾ø°í, ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ ÇÑ °ú¸ñ¸¸ ¹è¿ì¸ç, óÀ½ºÎÅÍ 3³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ±â°£ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é ¸ðµç ÇлýµéÀÌ ºÎ(Üù)±³»ç°¡ µÇ¾î, Çϱ޻ý(ù»Ðäßæ)µéÀ» °¡¸£Ä£´Ù. Çб³ ½Ç½ÀÀå°ú ³óÀå¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Â ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ Âü°í°¡ µÉ ¸¸ÇÑ È®½ÇÇÑ ÀÚ·á°¡ ¿ä±¸µÉ ¶§¿¡¸¸ Ã¥ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ±× ´ë·ú¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °¡±¸µé°ú ±â°èÀåÄ¡µé¦¡¹ß¸í°ú ±â°èȰ¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â Áß´ëÇÑ ½Ã±â¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖÀ½¦¡ÀÌ ÀÌµé ½Ç½À¼Ò·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý»êµÈ´Ù. °¢ ½Ç½À¼Ò ÁÖº¯¿¡´Â ÇлýµéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Âü°í ¼ÀûµéÀ» ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ µµ¼°üÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ó¾÷°ú ¿ø¿¹¼ú¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇнÀ ¿ª½Ã °¢ Áö¿ª Çб³ ±Ùó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¤´ëÇÑ ³óÀå¿¡¼ Àüü Çб⠵¿¾È ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù. |
The educational system of this nation is compulsory and coeducational in the precollege schools that the student attends from the ages of five to eighteen. These schools are vastly different from those of Urantia. There are no classrooms, only one study is pursued at a time, and after the first three years all pupils become assistant teachers, instructing those below them. Books are used only to secure information that will assist in solving the problems arising in the school shops and on the school farms. Much of the furniture used on the continent and the many mechanical contrivances -- this is a great age of invention and mechanization -- are produced in these shops. Adjacent to each shop is a working library where the student may consult the necessary reference books. Agriculture and horticulture are also taught throughout the entire educational period on the extensive farms adjoining every local school. |
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72:4.2 |
Á¤½Å¹Ú¾à¾Æµé¿¡°Ô´Â ³ó¾÷°ú ¸ñÃà¾÷¸¸À» °¡¸£Ä¡°í, ±×µéÀº Á¤»ó-ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±ÝÁöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ºÎ¸ð½ÅºÐÀ» ¸·±â À§ÇØ ¼º(àõ)¿¡¼ °Ý¸®µÈ Ưº° º¸È£°ü¸® °Å·ùÁö¿¡¼ »ýȰÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¦ÇÑÁ¶Ä¡µéÀº 75³â µ¿¾È ÀÌÇàµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. |
The feeble-minded are trained only in agriculture and animal husbandry, and are committed for life to special custodial colonies where they are segregated by sex to prevent parenthood, which is denied all subnormals. These restrictive measures have been in operation for seventy-five years; the commitment decrees are handed down by the parental courts. |
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72:4.3 |
°¢ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸Å ³â ¸¶´Ù 1°³¿ù µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ÈÞ°¡¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. ´ëÇб³ ÀÌÀü(ì¤îñ)ÀÇ Çб³µéÀº 10°³¿ù·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â 1³â Áß 9°³¿ù µ¿¾È °øºÎ¸¦ Çϰí, ºÎ¸ðµé ¶Ç´Â Ä£±¸µé°ú ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÏ·Î ¹æÇÐÀ» Áö³½´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿©ÇàÀº ¼ºÀÎ-±³À° °èȹÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ̸ç, ÀÏ»ýµ¿¾È °è¼ÓµÇ´Âµ¥, ±×·¯ÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀ» Ãæ´çÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀº ³ëÈÄ º¸Çè¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¸ð¾ÆÁø´Ù. |
Everyone takes one month's vacation each year. The precollege schools are conducted for nine months out of the year of ten, the vacation being spent with parents or friends in travel. This travel is a part of the adult-education program and is continued throughout a lifetime, the funds for meeting such expenses being accumulated by the same methods as those employed in old-age insurance. |
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72:4.4 |
ÇнÀ½Ã°£ÀÇ 4ºÐÀÇ 1Àº ¿îµ¿¦¡°æÀïÀûÀÎ °æ±â(ÌæÐü)µé¦¡¿¡ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¸ç, ±× Áö¿ªÀÇ ½ÃÇÕ¿¡¼ À̱ä ÇлýµéÀº ÁÖ(ñ¶)¿Í Áö¿ª ½ÃÇÕÀ» °ÅÃÄ ±â¼ú°ú ¿ë¸Í¼ºÀ» °Ü·ç´Â ±¹°¡ ½ÃÇÕ¿¡ ÁøÃâÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ³·Àº °è±ÞÀÇ »çȸ±â°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¹°¡ÀûÀÎ ¸í¿¹¸¦ ¾ò´Â ½ÃÇÕ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö, ¸ðµç ÇлýµéÀº ¿õº¯°ú À½¾Ç ½ÃÇÕÀº ¹°·Ð, öÇаú °úÇп¡ °üÇÑ ½ÃÇÕ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» ±â¿ïÀδÙ. |
One quarter of the school time is devoted to play -- competitive athletics -- the pupils progressing in these contests from the local, through the state and regional, and on to the national trials of skill and prowess. Likewise, the oratorical and musical contests, as well as those in science and philosophy, occupy the attention of students from the lower social divisions on up to the contests for national honors. |
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72:4.5 |
Çб³ üÁ¦´Â 3°³ÀÇ ¿¬°üµÈ ºÐ¾ßµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ±¹°¡Á¤ºÎ¿Í ¶È°°Àº ÇüÅÂÀ̰í, °¡¸£Ä¡´Â Á÷¿øµéÀº Á¦»ï(ð¯ß²)ÀÇ ¶Ç´Â Á¶¾ðÇÏ´Â ÀÔ¹ýºÎ ÀÇȸ¿Í °°Àº ±â´ÉÀ» ´ã´çÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¶óÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ±³À°¸ñÀûÀº ¸ðµç ÇлýµéÀ» ÀÚȰÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
The school government is a replica of the national government with its three correlated branches, the teaching staff functioning as the third or advisory legislative division. The chief object of education on this continent is to make every pupil a self-supporting citizen. |
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72:4.6 |
18¼¼°¡ µÇ¾î ´ëÇÐ ±³À° ü°è ÀÌÀüÀÇ ±³À° °úÁ¤À» ¸¶Ä£ °¢ ÀÚ³àµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °ÅÀåÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¼ºÀÎ ±³À°±â°ü ¶Ç´Â ´ëÇб³¿¡¼ Ã¥À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¿¬±¸Çϰųª Ưº°ÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿ì¼öÇÑ ÇлýÀÌ °èȹµÈ ±â°£ ÀÌÀü¿¡ °úÁ¤À» ¿Ï·áÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é, ±×¿¡°Ô´Â ±× ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸»óÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö°í, ±×°Í¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±×´Â ÀڱⰡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇϰí Á÷Á¢ ¹ß¸íÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² °èȹÀ» ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀüüÀÇ ±³À° ü°è´Â °³º°Á¸À縦 ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ÈÆ·Ã½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °èȹµÈ´Ù. |
Every child graduating from the precollege school system at eighteen is a skilled artisan. Then begins the study of books and the pursuit of special knowledge, either in the adult schools or in the colleges. When a brilliant student completes his work ahead of schedule, he is granted an award of time and means wherewith he may execute some pet project of his own devising. The entire educational system is designed to adequately train the individual. |
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72:5.1 |
ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ê¾÷ Á¦µµ´Â ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ»óÀûÀ¸·Î ²Þ²Ù´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÈξÀ µÚÃÄÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç; ÀÚº»°ú ³ëµ¿Àº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ µÎ °¡Áö´Â ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô Çùµ¿ÇÏ´Â °èȹ¿¡ ¸Âµµ·Ï Á¶Á¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀÌ ´ë·ú¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸ðµç »ê¾÷ Àç´ÜµéÀÇ ÁÖÁÖ°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç; Áö´ÉÀ» °®Ãá ¸ðµç ³ëµ¿ÀÚ´Â ¼¼È÷ ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ÀÚº»°¡°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
The industrial situation among this people is far from their ideals; capital and labor still have their troubles, but both are becoming adjusted to the plan of sincere co-operation. On this unique continent the workers are increasingly becoming shareholders in all industrial concerns; every intelligent laborer is slowly becoming a small capitalist. |
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72:5.2 |
»çȸÀûÀÎ ¹Ý¸ñÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¼±ÇÑ ¶æÀÌ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô Àڶ󳪰í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµÀÇ ºØ±«·Î(¾à 100³â Àü) ÀÎÇÏ¿©¼´Â ¾î¶² ½É°¢ÇÑ °æÁ¦Àû ¹®Á¦µµ ¾ß±âµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Âµ¥, ¸ÅÇØ¸¶´Ù 2ÆÛ¼¾Æ® Á¤µµ°¡ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾òÀ½À¸·Î½á ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¶Àý °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¼¼È÷ ÀϾ±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. Á¤½ÅÀû, µµ´öÀû, À°Ã¼Àû ½ÃÇè¿¡¼ ¸¸Á·½º·´°Ô Åë°úµÈ ³ë¿¹µéÀº ½Ã¹Î±ÇÀ» ȹµæÇÏ¿´°í, ¿ì¼öÇÑ ÀÌ ³ë¿¹µéÀº ÀüÀï Æ÷·Îµé ¶Ç´Â ±× Æ÷·ÎµéÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ¾à 50³â Àü¿¡ ±×µéÀº ÀÚ±âµéº¸´Ù ¿µîÇÑ ¸¶Áö¸· ³²Àº ³ë¿¹µéÀ» Ãß¹æÇÏ¿´°í, ¾ÆÁÖ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ±×µéÀº Ÿ¶ôÇÏ°í ºÎµµ´öÇÑ °èÃþ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â ÀÓ¹«¸¦ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î Âø¼öÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
Social antagonisms are lessening, and good will is growing apace. No grave economic problems have arisen out of the abolition of slavery (over one hundred years ago) since this adjustment was effected gradually by the liberation of two per cent each year. Those slaves who satisfactorily passed mental, moral, and physical tests were granted citizenship; many of these superior slaves were war captives or children of such captives. Some fifty years ago they deported the last of their inferior slaves, and still more recently they are addressing themselves to the task of reducing the numbers of their degenerate and vicious classes. |
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72:5.3 |
ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ »ê¾÷ °£ÀÇ ºÒȸ¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ°í °æÁ¦Àû ³²¿ëÀ» Á¶ÀýÇϱâ À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ±â¹ýµéÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýµéº¸´Ù ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô °³¼±µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °³ÀÎµé °£ÀÇ ¶Ç´Â »ê¾÷ °£ÀÇ ºÒȸ¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼ Æø·ÂÀº ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. Àӱݰú ÀÌÀÍ±Ý ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ °æÁ¦Àû ¹®Á¦µéÀº ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô Á¶Á¤µÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, ´ë°³ ³ëµ¿ ÀÔ¹ýºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¶Á¤µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ »ê¾÷°è¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ºÐÀïµéÀº ³ëµ¿ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò·Î À̰üµÈ´Ù. |
These people have recently developed new techniques for the adjustment of industrial misunderstandings and for the correction of economic abuses which are marked improvements over their older methods of settling such problems. Violence has been outlawed as a procedure in adjusting either personal or industrial differences. Wages, profits, and other economic problems are not rigidly regulated, but they are in general controlled by the industrial legislatures, while all disputes arising out of industry are passed upon by the industrial courts. |
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72:5.4 |
³ëµ¿ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò´Â ÀÌÁ¦ °Ü¿ì 30³â¹Û¿¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¸Å¿ì ¸¸Á·½º·´°Ô ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¹ßÀüÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¾ÕÀ¸·Î´Â ³ëµ¿ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò°¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¼¼ °¡Áö ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ ¹ýÀûÀÎ º¸Á¤(ÜÍïÚ)À» ½ÇÇöÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: |
The industrial courts are only thirty years old but are functioning very satisfactorily. The most recent development provides that hereafter the industrial courts shall recognize legal compensation as falling in three divisions: |
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72:5.5 |
À̰͵éÀº ¸ÕÀú °è¾à¿¡ ÀǰÅÇÏ¿© ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú °ÍÀ̸ç, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×µéÀº ÁÙ¾îµç ¼Òµæ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í °úµµ±âÀûÀÎ Ãà¼Ò¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ºñ·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ´ãÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °íÁ¤µÈ ¿ä±ÝÀ» ÃʰúÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¼ÒµæÀº ¹è´ç±ÝÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ºÐ¾ß Áï: ÀÚº»°¡¿Í ±â¼úÀÚ ±×¸®°í ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÇÒ´çµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
These shall first be met in accordance with contract, or in the face of decreased earnings they shall share proportionally in transient reduction. And thereafter all earnings in excess of these fixed charges shall be regarded as dividends and shall be prorated to all three divisions: capital, skill, and labor. |
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72:5.6 |
¸Å 10³â¸¶´Ù Áö¿ª ÁýÇàÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ÇÏ·ç ³ëµ¿·®À» Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿© ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. ÇöÀç »ê¾÷ü´Â ¸Å ÁÖ 5Àϰ£ ÀÛµ¿µÇ´Âµ¥, 4ÀÏ µ¿¾È ÀÏÇϰí ÇÏ·ç´Â ½®´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸ÅÀÏ 6½Ã°£ ÀÏÇϸç, Çлýµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î 10°³¿ù·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â 1³â Áß¿¡¼ 9°³¿ù µ¿¾È ÀÏÇÑ´Ù. ÈÞ°¡ ±â°£¿¡´Â ´ë°³ ¿©ÇàÀ» Áñ±â°í, »õ·Î¿î ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ¿î¼Û ¼ö´ÜµéÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ °³¹ßµÇ¾î ¿Â ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ¿©ÇàÀ» Áñ±â°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©ÇàÇϱ⿡ Àû´çÇÑ ±âÈÄ´Â ÀÏ ³â Áß ¾à 8°³¿ù µ¿¾ÈÀ̸ç, °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ±âȸ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
Every ten years the regional executives adjust and decree the lawful hours of daily gainful toil. Industry now operates on a five-day week, working four and playing one. These people labor six hours each working day and, like students, nine months in the year of ten. Vacation is usually spent in travel, and new methods of transportation having been so recently developed, the whole nation is travel bent. The climate favors travel about eight months in the year, and they are making the most of their opportunities. |
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72:5.7 |
200³â Àü¿¡´Â ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾ò°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â µ¿±â°¡ Àüü »ê¾÷°è¸¦ Áö¹èÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³ôÀº ÃßÁø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±Þ¼Óµµ·Î ´ëÄ¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼´Â °æÀïÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ½ÉÇÏÁö¸¸, ±× Áß¿¡ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀÌ »ê¾÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³îÀÌ, ±â¼ú, °úÇÐÀûÀÎ ´Þ¼º, ±×¸®°í ÁöÀûÀÎ ÇнÄÀ¸·Î ¿Å°ÜÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº »çȸÀû ºÀ»ç¿Í Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãæ¼º½É ¼Ó¿¡¼ °¡Àå Ȱ¹ßÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé °¡¿îµ¥¿¡¼´Â ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î, ´ëÁßÀ» À§ÇÑ ºÀ»ç°¡ ¸í¿¹¸¦ ¾ò´Â ÁÖµÈ ¸ñÀûÀÌ µÇ¾î°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ³ª¶ó¿¡¼ °¡Àå ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ±â°è¸¦ ÆÄ´Â Àڱ⠰¡°ÔÀÇ »ç¹«½Ç¿¡¼ ÇÏ·ç¿¡ 6½Ã°£ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí, ±× ÈÄ¿¡´Â Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Çб³ÀÇ Áö¿ª ºÐ±³·Î ±ÞÈ÷ ´Þ·Á°¡¼ ´ëÁßÀ» À§ÇÑ ºÀ»ç¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ°ÝÀ» °®Ãß·Á°í ¾Ö¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
Two hundred years ago the profit motive was wholly dominant in industry, but today it is being rapidly displaced by other and higher driving forces. Competition is keen on this continent, but much of it has been transferred from industry to play, skill, scientific achievement, and intellectual attainment. It is most active in social service and governmental loyalty. Among this people public service is rapidly becoming the chief goal of ambition. The richest man on the continent works six hours a day in the office of his machine shop and then hastens over to the local branch of the school of statesmanship, where he seeks to qualify for public service. |
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72:5.8 |
ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´õ Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 18¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÌ°í ½Åü °Ç°ÇÑ ¸ðµç ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº Áý°ú ³óÀå¿¡¼, ¾î¶² °øÀÎµÈ »ê¾÷ü¿¡¼, ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÁ÷µÈ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °í¿ëÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÏÅÍ¿¡¼, ¶Ç´Â ±¤»ê¿¡¼ °Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÏÇÏ´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ´ë¿¿¡ ¼¯¿©¼ ÀÏÇÑ´Ù. |
Labor is becoming more honorable on this continent, and all able-bodied citizens over eighteen work either at home and on farms, at some recognized industry, on the public works where the temporarily unemployed are absorbed, or else in the corps of compulsory laborers in the mines. |
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72:5.9 |
¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº »õ·Î¿î ÇüÅÂÀÇ »çȸÀû Çø¿À°¨¦¡°ÔÀ¸¸§»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºÒ·Î¼Òµæ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Àç»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çø¿À°¨¦¡À» Ű¿ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼Óµµ´Â ´À¸®Áö¸¸ È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ±â°èÀåÄ¡¸¦ Á¤º¹Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀº ÇÑ ¶§ Á¤Ä¡Àû ÇØ¹æÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±×¸®°í ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ÅõÀïÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ±× µÎ °¡Áö¸¦ ´©¸®´Â ½Ã´ë¿¡ Á¢¾îµé°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× ¿Ü¿¡µµ ÀÚ±âµé ÈûÀ¸·Î ȹµæÇÑ ¿©°¡ ½Ã°£À» ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ÀνÄÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ÀÚ¾Æ-½ÇÇöÀ» ÁõÁø½ÃŰ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
These people are also beginning to foster a new form of social disgust -- disgust for both idleness and unearned wealth. Slowly but certainly they are conquering their machines. Once they, too, struggled for political liberty and subsequently for economic freedom. Now are they entering upon the enjoyment of both while in addition they are beginning to appreciate their well-earned leisure, which can be devoted to increased self-realization. |
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72:6.1 |
ÀÌ ³ª¶ó´Â, ÀÚ¼± ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÀÚ¾Æ-Á¸Áß-ÆÄ±« À¯ÇüÀ» ³ëÈÄÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ¾î¸¶¾î¸¶ÇÑ Á¤ºÎ-º¸ÇèÀ¸·Î ´ëÄ¡½ÃŰ·Á´Â ´ÜÈ£ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ» ±â¿ïÀ̰í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¶ó´Â ¾î¸°ÀÌµé °¢ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ±³À°À» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ¾î¸¥µé¿¡°Ô´Â °¢°¢ ÀÏÅ͸¦ Á¦°øÇϰí Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡; º´µç ÀÚµé°ú ³ëÀεéÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ±×·¯ÇÑ º¸Çè °èȹÀ» ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇà¿¡ ¿Å±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
This nation is making a determined effort to replace the self-respect-destroying type of charity by dignified government-insurance guarantees of security in old age. This nation provides every child an education and every man a job; therefore can it successfully carry out such an insurance scheme for the protection of the infirm and aged. |
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72:6.2 |
ÀÌ ¹ÎÁ·¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº, 70¼¼°¡ µÉ ¶§±îÁö ±×µéÀ» ÀÏÅÍ¿¡ ³²¾ÆÀÖµµ·Ï ½ÂÀÎÇÒ ÁÖ(ñ¶) ³ëµ¿À§¿øµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Çã¶ôÀ» º¸Àå¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÇÑ, 65¼¼¿¡ À¯±Þ Á÷ÀåÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀºÅðÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬·É Á¦ÇÑÀº °ø¹«¿øµé ¶Ç´Â öÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô´Â Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ½ÅüÀå¾ÖÀÚµé ¶Ç´Â ¿µ±¸ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ±¸°¡ µÈ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¹ý¿øÀÇ ¸í·É°ú Áö¿ª Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀºÅð¿¬±Ý À§¿øÀÇ ½ÂÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀÌ ÅðÁ÷ÀÚ ¸í´Ü¿¡ ¿À¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
Among this people all persons must retire from gainful pursuit at sixty-five unless they secure a permit from the state labor commissioner which will entitle them to remain at work until the age of seventy. This age limit does not apply to government servants or philosophers. The physically disabled or permanently crippled can be placed on the retired list at any age by court order countersigned by the pension commissioner of the regional government. |
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72:6.3 |
³ëÀÎÀÇ ÀºÅ𿬱ÝÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³× °¡Áö ÀÚ¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¶¼ºµÈ´Ù. |
The funds for old-age pensions are derived from four sources: |
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72:6.4 |
1. ¿¬¹æ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼Òµæ Áß¿¡¼ ¸Å ¿ù ÇÏ·ç¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â ¼ÒµæÀ» ¡¼öÇÔ. |
1. One day's earnings each month are requisitioned by the federal government for this purpose, and in this country everybody works. |
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72:6.5 |
2. À¯»ê¦¡¼ö¸¹Àº ºÎÀÚ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÌ ÀÌ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚ»êÀ» ³²±è. |
2. Bequests -- many wealthy citizens leave funds for this purpose. |
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72:6.6 |
3. ÁÖ(ñ¶)°¡ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ±¤»êÀÇ °Á¦ ³ëµ¿À¸·Î »ý±ä ÀÌÀͱÝ. ¡¹ßµÈ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ »ý°èºñ¿Í ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀºÅ𠺸Çè·á¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí, ±×µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ÀÌÀͱÝÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀºÅð¿¬±Ý ÀÚ±ÝÀ¸·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù. |
3. The earnings of compulsory labor in the state mines. After the conscript workers support themselves and set aside their own retirement contributions, all excess profits on their labor are turned over to this pension fund. |
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72:6.7 |
4. õ¿¬ÀÚ¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý±ä ¼öÀͱÝ. ±× ´ë·ú¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç õ¿¬ ÀÚ¿øÀº ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ »çȸ ½ÅŹ ±â±ÝÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöµÇ°í ÀÖ°í, ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¼öÀͱÝÀº, Áúº´ ¿¹¹æ°ú õÀç ±³À° ±×¸®°í Á¤Ä¡°¡¸¦ À§ÇÑ Çб³ÀÇ Çлýµé Áß¿¡¼ Ưº°ÇÏ°Ô Ã˸ÁµÇ´Â °³º°Á¸ÀçµéÀ» À§ÇÑ °æºñÀÇ »çȸÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀû¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. õ¿¬ÀÚ¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý±ä ¼öÀͱÝÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀº ³ëÀÎ ÀºÅ𿬱ÝÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀ¸·Î µé¾î°£´Ù. |
4. The income from natural resources. All natural wealth on the continent is held as a social trust by the federal government, and the income therefrom is utilized for social purposes, such as disease prevention, education of geniuses, and expenses of especially promising individuals in the statesmanship schools. One half of the income from natural resources goes to the old-age pension fund. |
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72:6.8 |
ºñ·Ï ÁÖ(ñ¶)¿Í Áö¿ªÀÇ º¸Çè Àç´ÜµéÀÌ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÇüÅÂÀÇ º¸È£ÇÏ´Â º¸ÇèÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ³ëÀÎ ÀºÅ𿬱ÝÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ 10°³ÀÇ Áö¿ª °üûµéÀ» ÅëÇØ °ü¸®µÈ´Ù. |
Although state and regional actuarial foundations supply many forms of protective insurance, old-age pensions are solely administered by the federal government through the ten regional departments. |
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72:6.9 |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤ºÎ ÀÚ±ÝÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È Á¤´çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î °ü¸®µÇ¾î ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ½Å¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¹è¹ÝÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, ÀçÆÇ¼Òµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ºÎ°úµÈ, ¹Ý¿ªÁË¿Í »ìÀÎÁË ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ¹«°Å¿î ¹ú°ú±ÝµéÀÌ µ¡ºÙ¿©Áø´Ù. »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÅÀǰ¡ ¾ø´Â ÇàÀ§´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¸ðµç ¹üÁ˵é Áß¿¡¼µµ °¡Àå ±Ø¾ÇÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£Áֵǰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
These government funds have long been honestly administered. Next to treason and murder, the heaviest penalties meted out by the courts are attached to betrayal of public trust. Social and political disloyalty are now looked upon as being the most heinous of all crimes. |
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72:7.1 |
¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ë³â±â ¿¬±Ý»ýȰÀÇ °ü¸®, ±×¸®°í õÀçÀûÀ̰í âÁ¶ÀûÀÎ µ¶Ã¢¼ºÀ» À°¼ºÇÏ´Â ÀÏ¿¡¸¸ ¿ÂÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î º¸»ìÇÉ´Ù; ÁÖ(ñ¶) Á¤ºÎ´Â ´Ù¼Ò °³º° ½Ã¹Î¿¡°Ô ´õ °ü½ÉÀ» ±â¿ïÀÌ´Â ¹Ý¸é, Áö¿ª Á¤ºÎ´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ¿ÂÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í »çȸÀûÀÌ´Ù. µµ½Ã(¶Ç´Â ±×¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ Á¾¼ÓºÎ¼)´Â, °Ç°, °øÁßÀ§»ý, °ÇÃà¹ý, ¹ÌÈ, »ó¼öµµ, Á¶¸í, ³¹æ, ¿À¶ô, À½¾Ç, ±×¸®°í Åë½Å µî°ú °°Àº ÀÚüÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °ü½ÉÀ» µÐ´Ù. |
The federal government is paternalistic only in the administration of old-age pensions and in the fostering of genius and creative originality; the state governments are slightly more concerned with the individual citizen, while the local governments are much more paternalistic or socialistic. The city (or some subdivision thereof) concerns itself with such matters as health, sanitation, building regulations, beautification, water supply, lighting, heating, recreation, music, and communication. |
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72:7.2 |
¸ðµç »ê¾÷¿¡¼ ù ¹øÂ° °ü½ÉÀº °Ç°¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç; À°Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ÇູÀÇ ¾î¶² À§»óÀÌ »ê¾÷°ú °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ ÃÖ¿ì¼± ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖµÇÁö¸¸, °³º°Á¸Àç¿Í °¡Á·ÀÇ °Ç° ¹®Á¦´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ¿°·ÁÇØ¾ß µÉ »çÇ×ÀÌ´Ù. Áúº´ Ä¡·á¿¡ À־Â, ¼øÀüÈ÷ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦µé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, °£¼·À» ÀÚÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´õ Á¤ºÎÀÇ °èȹÀ¸·Î ±»¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
In all industry first attention is paid to health; certain phases of physical well-being are regarded as industrial and community prerogatives, but individual and family health problems are matters of personal concern only. In medicine, as in all other purely personal matters, it is increasingly the plan of government to refrain from interfering. |
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72:7.3 |
µµ½ÃµéÀº ¼¼±ÝÀ» ºÎ°úÇÏ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾øÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ºúÀ» Áú ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÁÖ(ñ¶) Á¤ºÎ ±â±ÝÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁֹΠ¼ýÀÚ´ë·Î ¹è´ç¾×À» ¼ö·ÉÇϸç, ±×µéÀÇ »çȸÁÖÀÇÀû ±â¾÷µéÀÇ ¼öÀͱÝÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý±ä Àڱݰú ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ó¾÷ Ȱµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸éÇã Á¦µµ·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý±ä ÀÚ±ÝÀÌ Ãß°¡µÈ´Ù. |
Cities have no taxing power, neither can they go in debt. They receive per capita allowances from the state treasury and must supplement such revenue from the earnings of their socialistic enterprises and by licensing various commercial activities. |
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72:7.4 |
µµ½ÃÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î Å©°Ô È®Àå½ÃŰ´Â °í¼Ó ¿î¼Û ½Ã¼³µéÀº ½Ã(ã¼) ´ç±¹ÀÇ Á¶Á¤À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±× µµ½ÃÀÇ ¼Ò¹æ¼´Â ÈÀç-¿¹¹æ ±×¸®°í º¸Çè Àç´Üµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÈÄ¿øµÇ¸ç, µµ½Ã¿Í Áö¹æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °Ç¹°µéÀº ºÒ¿¡ ŸÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¦¡75³â ÀüºÎÅÍ °ÇÃàµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
The rapid-transit facilities, which make it practical greatly to extend the city boundaries, are under municipal control. The city fire departments are supported by the fire-prevention and insurance foundations, and all buildings, in city or country, are fireproof -- have been for over seventy-five years. |
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72:7.5 |
½Ã Á¤ºÎ´Â º¸¾È ¿ä¿øµéÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç; °æÂû ¿ä¿øµéÀº ÁÖ(ñ¶) Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ À¯ÁöµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ºÎ¼´Â °ÅÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ 25¼¼·ÎºÎÅÍ 50¼¼ »çÀÌÀÇ ¹ÌÈ¥ ³²ÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ðÁýµÈ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÁÖ(ñ¶)µéÀº ¹ÌÈ¥ ³²Àڵ鿡°Ô ºñ±³Àû ¹«°Å¿î ¼¼±ÝÀ» ºÎ°úÇϰí, ±× ¼¼±ÝÀº ÁÖ(ñ¶) °æÂû·Î ¼±Á¤µÈ ¸ðµç ³²ÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. Æò±ÕÀûÀÎ ÁÖ °æÂû ¿ä¿ø ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÇöÀç 50³â Àü¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© 10ºÐÀÇ 1¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. |
There are no municipally appointed peace officers; the police forces are maintained by the state governments. This department is recruited almost entirely from the unmarried men between twenty-five and fifty. Most of the states assess a rather heavy bachelor tax, which is remitted to all men joining the state police. In the average state the police force is now only one tenth as large as it was fifty years ago. |
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72:7.6 |
100°³ÀÇ ºñ±³Àû ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í ÁÖ±ÇÀ» °¡Áø ÁÖ Á¤ºÎµéÀÇ ¼¼±Ý ¡¼ö ¹æ¹ýÀº, °æÁ¦Àû Á¶°Ç ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ Á¶°ÇµéÀÌ ±× ´ë·úÀÇ °¢ Áö¿ª¸¶´Ù Å©°Ô ´Ù¸¥ °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, °ÅÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ÀüÇô ÀÏ·üÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ÁÖ´Â ¿¬¹æ ´ë¹ý¿øÀÇ Çã¶ôÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â º¯°æµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔ¹ýÈµÈ ±ÔÁ¤µéÀ» °®°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ Á¶Ç×µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â µµ½Ã ¶Ç´Â Áö¹æ¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀÌ ÅÃÁö¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¾î¶² ºÎµ¿»êÀ̵çÁö ÀÏ ³â¿¡ ±× °¡Ä¡ÀÇ 1ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÀÌ»óÀ» ¼¼±ÝÀ¸·Î ¡¼öÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï ±ÔÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
There is little or no uniformity among the taxation schemes of the one hundred comparatively free and sovereign states as economic and other conditions vary greatly in different sections of the continent. Every state has ten basic constitutional provisions which cannot be modified except by consent of the federal supreme court, and one of these articles prevents levying a tax of more than one per cent on the value of any property in any one year, homesites, whether in city or country, being exempted. |
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72:7.7 |
¿¬¹æ Á¤ºÎ´Â ºúÀ» Áú ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ÀüÀï¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ¾î¶² ÁÖ(ñ¶)µçÁö µ·À» ºô¸®±â Àü¿¡ 4ºÐÀÇ 3ÀÌ»óÀÇ Âù¼ºÇ¥¸¦ ¾ò¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬¹æ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ºúÀ» Áú ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÀüÀïÀÌ ¹ß¹ßÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±¹¹æ À§¿øÈ¸°¡ ÇÊ¿ä½Ã¿¡ °¢ Áֵ鿡°Ô ºñ¿ë»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àη°ú ¹°ÀÚµéÀ» ºÐ´ã½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀ» °®´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª 25³âÀÌ ³Ñ±â Àü¿¡ ¾î¶² ºúµµ û»êµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
The federal government cannot go in debt, and a three-fourths referendum is required before any state can borrow except for purposes of war. Since the federal government cannot incur debt, in the event of war the National Council of Defense is empowered to assess the states for money, as well as for men and materials, as it may be required. But no debt may run for more than twenty-five years. |
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72:7.8 |
¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö ÀÚ¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ð±ÝµÈ´Ù: |
Income to support the federal government is derived from the following five sources: |
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72:7.9 |
1. ¼öÀÔ °ü¼¼. ¸ðµç ¼öÀÔǰ¿¡´Â ÀÌ ³ª¶óÀÇ »ýȰ¼öÁØÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© °èȹµÈ °ü¼¼°¡ ºÎ°úµÇ¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌ Ç༺¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ³ª¶óµéº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ³ô´Ù. ÀÌ °ü¼¼µéÀº ³ëµ¿ ÀÇȸÀÇ ¾ç¿ø(Õ×êÂ)ÀÌ °æÁ¦ ¾÷¹« ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® ÁýÇàÀÚÀÇ Á¦¾ÈÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ ÈÄ¿¡ ÃÖ°í ³ëµ¿ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤ÇØÁö´Âµ¥, ±× Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ´Â ÀÌµé µÎ ÀÔ¹ýºÎ ±â°üµéÀÌ °øµ¿À¸·Î Áö¸íÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù. ³ëµ¿ ÀÇȸÀÇ »ó¿øÀº ÀÚº»·ÂÀÌ ³·Àº ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼±ÃâµÈ´Ù. |
1. Import duties. All imports are subject to a tariff designed to protect the standard of living on this continent, which is far above that of any other nation on the planet. These tariffs are set by the highest industrial court after both houses of the industrial congress have ratified the recommendations of the chief executive of economic affairs, who is the joint appointee of these two legislative bodies. The upper industrial house is elected by labor, the lower by capital. |
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72:7.10 |
2. ƯÇã »ç¿ë·á. ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ´Â 10°³ Áö¿ªÀÇ ½ÇÇè½Ç¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÃµÀçµé¦¡¿¹¼ú°¡µé, ÀÛ°¡µé, °úÇÐÀڵ馡À» µµ¿ÍÁÜÀ¸·Î½á ¹ß¸íǰ°ú ±â¿øÀûÀÎ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ ³ª¿Àµµ·Ï Àå·ÁÇÏ¸ç ±×µéÀÇ Æ¯Çã±ÇÀ» º¸È£ÇÑ´Ù. ±× ´ë°¡·Î Á¤ºÎ´Â, ±â°è, Ã¥, ¿¹¼úǰ, ½Ä¹°, ¶Ç´Â µ¿¹° Áß ¾îµð¿¡ ¼ÓÇϵçÁö, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸ðµç ¹ß¸íµé°ú âÀÛµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ß»ýµÈ ÀÌÀͱÝÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀ» ÃëÇÑ´Ù. |
2. Royalties. The federal government encourages invention and original creations in the ten regional laboratories, assisting all types of geniuses -- artists, authors, and scientists -- and protecting their patents. In return the government takes one half the profits realized from all such inventions and creations, whether pertaining to machines, books, artistry, plants, or animals. |
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72:7.11 |
3. »ó¼Ó¼¼. ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ´Â, Àç»êÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ Á¶°Çµé¿¡ µû¶ó¼ 1ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ³»Áö 50ÆÛ¼¾Æ®ÀÇ ´©Áø »ó¼Ó¼¼¸¦ ºÎ°úÇÑ´Ù. |
3. Inheritance tax. The federal government levies a graduated inheritance tax ranging from one to fifty per cent, depending on the size of an estate as well as on other conditions. |
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72:7.12 |
4. ±º¼ö Àåºñ. Á¤ºÎ´Â ±º¿ë Àåºñ¿Í ÇØ±º Àåºñ¸¦ »ó¾÷ ±×¸®°í ¿À¶ô ¿ëµµ·Î ºô·ÁÁÜÀ¸·Î½á »ó´çÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ¼öÀͱÝÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù. |
4. Military equipment. The government earns a considerable sum from the leasing of military and naval equipment for commercial and recreational usages. |
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72:7.13 |
5. õ¿¬ÀÚ¿ø. õ¿¬ÀÚ¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¼öÀͱÝÀº, ¿¬¹æ¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÈ ÁÖ(ñ¶)µéÀÇ ÇåÀå¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ Ưº°ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ÀüºÎ ¿ä±¸µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, ±¹°í·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù. |
5. Natural resources. The income from natural resources, when not fully required for the specific purposes designated in the charter of federal statehood, is turned into the national treasury. |
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72:7.14 |
¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ÁöÃâ±ÝÀº, ±¹¹æ À§¿øÈ¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ºÎ°úµÈ ÀüÀï ÀÚ±ÝÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí, ÀÔ¹ýºÎÀÇ »ó¿ø ÀÇȸ¿¡¼ ¹ßÀǵǰí, ÇÏ¿ø ÀÇȸÀÇ µ¿ÀǸ¦ ¾òÀ¸¸ç, ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® ÁýÇàÀÚÀÇ Çã¶ôÀ» ¹Þ°í, ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â 100¸íÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ¿¬¹æ ¿¹»ê À§¿øÈ¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¤´çȵȴÙ. ÀÌ À§¿øÈ¸¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀº 24³â°£ ºÀ»çÇϵµ·Ï ÁÖÁö»çµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Áö¸íµÇ°í, ÁÖ ÀÇȸ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¸Å 6³â¸¶´Ù 4ºÐÀÇ 1¾¿ ¼±ÃâµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â°üÀº ¸Å 6³â¸¶´Ù 4ºÐÀÇ 3ÀÇ ÅõÇ¥¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¸¦ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®·Î »ÌÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÈĺÎÅÍ ±×´Â ¿¬¹æ ±â±Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü¸®ÀÚ ±×¸®°í ÁöÈÖÀÚ-Á¶Á¤ÀÚ°¡ µÈ´Ù. |
Federal appropriations, except war funds assessed by the National Council of Defense, are originated in the upper legislative house, concurred in by the lower house, approved by the chief executive, and finally validated by the federal budget commission of one hundred. The members of this commission are nominated by the state governors and elected by the state legislatures to serve for twenty-four years, one quarter being elected every six years. Every six years this body, by a three-fourths ballot, chooses one of its number as chief, and he thereby becomes director-controller of the federal treasury. |
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72:8.1 |
5¼¼ºÎÅÍ 18¼¼±îÁö ½Ç½ÃµÇ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Àǹ« ±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ À̿ܿ¡, Ưº°ÇÑ Çб³µéÀÌ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ À¯ÁöµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù: |
In addition to the basic compulsory education program extending from the ages of five to eighteen, special schools are maintained as follows: |
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72:8.2 |
1. Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Çб³µé. ÀÌ Çб³µéÀº ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ºÐ¾ß·Î ³ª´µ´Âµ¥: ±¹°¡¿Í Áö¿ª°ú ÁÖ(ñ¶)·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. ±× ³ª¶óÀÇ °ø°ø ±â°üµéÀº ³× °³ÀÇ ºÐ¾ßµé·Î ³ª´µ¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. °ø°ø ±â°üÀÇ Ã¹ ¹øÂ° ºÐ¾ß´Â ÁÖ·Î ±¹°¡ ÇàÁ¤¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, ÀÌ Áý´ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç °ø¹«¿øµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Áö¿ªÇб³¿Í ±¹°¡ Çб³¸¦ µÑ ¸ðµÎ ¸¶Ãľ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ 10°³ Áö¿ª Çб³µé ÁßÀÇ ¾î´À Çϳª¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÑ °³º°Á¸ÀçµéÀº µÎ ¹øÂ° ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÇàÁ¤ ±â°üÀ̳ª ¼±°Å ±â°ü ¶Ç´Â ÀÓ¸íµÈ ±â°ü¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ±×µéÀÌ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ±â°üÀº Áö¿ª °ü¸®¿Í ÁÖ(ñ¶) Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼ÀÇ Àǹ« ÀÌÇà ´É·ÂÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ºÐ¾ß´Â ÁÖ(ñ¶)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ«°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ°í, ±×·¯ÇÑ °ø¹«¿øµéÀº Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁÖ(ñ¶) Çб³¸¦ ¸¶Ãľ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ³× ¹øÂ° ºÐ¾ßÀÇ °ø¹«¿øµé¿¡°Ô´Â Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ ÇÐÀ§°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ °ü¸®µéÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÓ¸íµÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇØÁø´Ù. ±×µéÀº Á¤ºÎ¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°ÝÀ¸·Î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÇÐ½Ä ÀÖ´Â Àü¹®Àε鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼öÇàµÇ´Â º¸Á¶ÀÚ¿Í ºñ¼°ü ±×¸®°í Àü¹®±â°üµé¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ³·Àº Á÷Ã¥À» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. |
1. Statesmanship schools. These schools are of three classes: national, regional, and state. The public offices of the nation are grouped in four divisions. The first division of public trust pertains principally to the national administration, and all officeholders of this group must be graduates of both regional and national schools of statesmanship. Individuals may accept political, elective, or appointive office in the second division upon graduating from any one of the ten regional schools of statesmanship; their trusts concern responsibilities in the regional administration and the state governments. Division three includes state responsibilities, and such officials are only required to have state degrees of statesmanship. The fourth and last division of officeholders are not required to hold statesmanship degrees, such offices being wholly appointive. They represent minor positions of assistantship, secretaryships, and technical trusts which are discharged by the various learned professions functioning in governmental administrative capacities. |
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72:8.3 |
Áö¹æ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò¿Í ÁÖ(ñ¶) ÀçÆÇ¼ÒÀÇ ÀçÆÇ°üµéÀº Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁÖ(ñ¶) Çб³ÀÇ ÇÐÀ§¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. »çȸ¿Í ±³À° ±×¸®°í »ê¾÷¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â ÀçÆÇ°üµéÀº Áö¿ª Çб³ÀÇ ÇÐÀ§¸¦ º¸À¯ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬¹æ ÃÖ°í ÀçÆÇ¼ÒÀÇ ÀçÆÇ°üµéÀº Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÌ ¼¼ Çб³µéÀÇ ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °¡Á®¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. |
Judges of the minor and state courts hold degrees from the state schools of statesmanship. Judges of the jurisdictional tribunals of social, educational, and industrial matters hold degrees from the regional schools. Judges of the federal supreme court must hold degrees from all these schools of statesmanship. |
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72:8.4 |
<$t-14>2. öÇÐ Çб³µé. ÀÌ Çб³µéÀº öÇÐÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¿ø(ÞÑêÂ)µé°ú Ưº°ÇÑ °ü°è¸¦ ¸Î°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °ø°ø ±â´ÉÀ¸·Î½á Á¾±³¿Í ´Ù¼Ò ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. |
2. Schools of philosophy. These schools are affiliated with the temples of philosophy and are more or less associated with religion as a public function. |
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72:8.5 |
3. °úÇÐ ±³À° ±â°üµé. ÀÌ ±â¼úÇб³µéÀº ±³À° ü°è¿Í Çù·ÂÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â »ê¾÷ü¿Í Çù·ÂÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 15°³ ºÐ¾ß·Î ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
3. Institutions of science. These technical schools are co-ordinated with industry rather than with the educational system and are administered under fifteen divisions. |
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72:8.6 |
4. Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ÈÆ·Ã Çб³µé. ÀÌ Æ¯¼ö ±³À°±â°üµéÀº 12°³¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÏ°í ¹Ú½ÄÇÑ Àü¹®ÀεéÀ» À§ÇÑ ±â¼ú ÈÆ·ÃÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. |
4. Professional training schools. These special institutions provide the technical training for the various learned professions, twelve in number. |
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72:8.7 |
5. À°±º ±×¸®°í ÇØ±º Çб³µé. ±¹°¡ º»ºÎ ±Ùó¿Í 25°³ÀÇ ¿¬¾È Áö¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À°±º Áß½ÉÁöµé¿¡´Â, 18¼¼¿¡¼ 30¼¼ »çÀÌÀÇ ÀÚ¿øÇÏ´Â ½Ã¹Îµé¿¡°Ô ±º»ç ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ½Ã۱â À§ÇÑ ±â°üµéÀÌ ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 25¼¼°¡ µÇ±â Àü¿¡ ÀÌ Çб³µé¿¡ µé¾î°¡±â À§Çؼ´Â ºÎ¸ðÀÇ Çã¶ôÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. |
5. Military and naval schools. Near the national headquarters and at the twenty-five coastal military centers are maintained those institutions devoted to the military training of volunteer citizens from eighteen to thirty years of age. Parental consent is required before twenty-five in order to gain entrance to these schools. |
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72:9.1 |
ºñ·Ï Àüü °ø¹«¿ø Èĺ¸ÀÚµéÀÌ Á¤Ä¡ÀεéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁÖ(ñ¶), Áö¿ª, ¶Ç´Â ±¹°¡ Çб³¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÑ ÀÚµé·Î Á¦ÇѵDZâ´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ³ª¶óÀÇ Áøº¸Àû ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº Àüü ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ÅõÇ¥¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ °èȹÀÌ ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¹Ì¾àÇÏ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¾à 50³â Àü¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Ư¼ºµéÀ» °®Ãá °³¼±µÈ ÅõÇ¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÔ¹ýÈµÈ ±ÔÁ¤À» Á¦Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù: |
Although candidates for all public offices are restricted to graduates of the state, regional, or federal schools of statesmanship, the progressive leaders of this nation discovered a serious weakness in their plan of universal suffrage and about fifty years ago made constitutional provision for a modified scheme of voting which embraces the following features: |
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72:9.2 |
1. 25¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ³²ÀÚµé°ú ¿©ÀÚµé °¢ÀÚ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀ» °®´Â´Ù. ÀÌ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϸé, ¸ðµç ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã µÎ °¡Áö ÅõÇ¥ Áý´ÜÀÇ È¸¿ø±ÇÀ» ȹµæÇؾ߸¸ Çϴµ¥: ±×µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû ±â´É¦¡»ê¾÷, Àü¹®Á÷, ³ó¾÷, ¶Ç´Â ¹«¿ª¦¡¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ù ¹øÂ° Áý´Ü¿¡ µé¾î°¡¸ç; Á¤Ä¡Àû, öÇÐÀû, ±×¸®°í »çȸÀû ¼ºÇâ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ µÎ ¹øÂ° Áý´Ü¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç Á÷¿øµéÀº °æÁ¦Àû ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀ» °®´Â Áý´Ü¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÇ°í, ÀÌ Á¶ÇÕµéÀº, ºñ°æÁ¦Àû ¿¬ÇÕüµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, »ïÁßÀûÀ¸·Î ÈûÀÌ ºÐ¸®µÈ ±¹°¡ Á¤ºÎ¿Í ¾ÆÁÖ Èí»çÇÏ°Ô Á¶Á¤µÈ´Ù. ±× Áý´Üµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µî·ÏÀº 12³â µ¿¾È ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
1. Every man and woman of twenty years and over has one vote. Upon attaining this age, all citizens must accept membership in two voting groups: They will join the first in accordance with their economic function -- industrial, professional, agricultural, or trade; they will enter the second group according to their political, philosophic, and social inclinations. All workers thus belong to some economic franchise group, and these guilds, like the noneconomic associations, are regulated much as is the national government with its threefold division of powers. Registration in these groups cannot be changed for twelve years. |
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72:9.3 |
2. »çȸ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ºÀ»ç¸¦ ÇÏ¿´°Å³ª, Á¤ºÎ ¾÷¹«¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ºñ¹üÇÑ ÁöÇý¸¦ ½ÇÁõÇÏ¿© ¿Â °³º°Á¸ÀçµéÀº, ÁÖÁö»ç ¶Ç´Â Áö¿ª ÁýÇàÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ Áö¸íµÇ°í Áö¿ª ÃÖ°íÇùÀÇȸµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ À§ÀÓÀ» ¹ÞÀ½À¸·Î½á, ÃÖ´ë·Î ¸Å 5³â ¸¶´Ù Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ºÎ¿©µÉ ¼ö Àִµ¥ ±×·¯ÇÑ Æ¯º° ÂüÁ¤±ÇµéÀº 9°³¸¦ ÃʰúÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. º¹ÇÕ ÅõÇ¥ÀÚÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀº 10°³ÀÌ´Ù. °úÇÐÀÚµé, ¹ß¸í°¡µé, ¼±»ýµé, öÇÐÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í ÁöµµÀÚµé ¿ª½Ã È®´ëµÈ Á¤Ä¡ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ°í ¸í¿¹¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áøº¸ÀûÀÎ ½Ã¹Î Ư±ÇµéÀº, ÇÐÀ§°¡ Ưº° ´ëÇе鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼ö¿©µÇ´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ÁÖ(ñ¶)¿Í Áö¿ª ÃÖ°íÇùÀÇȸµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼ö¿©µÇ¸ç, ¼öÇýÀÚµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ °³ÀÎ °æ·Â Ç¥¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÐÀ§µé°ú ÇÔ²² ±×·¯ÇÑ ½Ã¹Î ǥâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ÷ºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô ¿©±ä´Ù. |
2. Upon nomination by the state governors or by the regional executives and by the mandate of the regional supreme councils, individuals who have rendered great service to society, or who have demonstrated extraordinary wisdom in government service, may have additional votes conferred upon them not oftener than every five years and not to exceed nine such superfranchises. The maximum suffrage of any multiple voter is ten. Scientists, inventors, teachers, philosophers, and spiritual leaders are also thus recognized and honored with augmented political power. These advanced civic privileges are conferred by the state and regional supreme councils much as degrees are bestowed by the special colleges, and the recipients are proud to attach the symbols of such civic recognition, along with their other degrees, to their lists of personal achievements. |
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72:9.4 |
3. ±¤»ê¿¡¼ °Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ëµ¿Çϵµ·Ï ¼±°í¸¦ ¹ÞÀº ¸ðµç °³º°Á¸Àçµé°ú ¼¼±Ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ À¯ÁöµÇ´Â ¸ðµç °ø¹«¿øµéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ ºÀ»ç ±â°£ µ¿¾È ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀ» °®Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº 65¼¼¿¡ ÀºÅ𠿬±ÝÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼ ÅðÁ÷ÇÒ ³ëÀε鿡°Ô´Â Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
3. All individuals sentenced to compulsory labor in the mines and all governmental servants supported by tax funds are, for the periods of such services, disenfranchised. This does not apply to aged persons who may be retired on pensions at sixty-five. |
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72:9.5 |
4. ¸Å 5³â¸¶´Ù ±â°£ Áß¿¡ ÁöºÒÇÑ ¿¬°£ Æò±Õ ¼¼±ÝÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÑ ´Ù¼¸ °èÃþÀÇ ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼±ÝÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ³½ ÀÚµéÀº 5°³±îÁö Ãß°¡ ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀÌ Çã¶ôµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÎÁ¤Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °øÀû°ú´Â °ü°è¾øÁö¸¸, ±× ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ´©±¸µçÁö 10°³¸¦ ³Ñ¾î ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀ» Çà»çÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
4. There are five brackets of suffrage reflecting the average yearly taxes paid for each half-decade period. Heavy taxpayers are permitted extra votes up to five. This grant is independent of all other recognition, but in no case can any person cast over ten ballots. |
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72:9.6 |
5. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÂüÁ¤±Ç °èȹÀÌ Ã¤Åõʰú µ¿½Ã¿¡, Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ ÅõÇ¥ ¹æ½ÄÀº °æÁ¦Àû ¶Ç´Â ±â´Éº° ü°è·Î ´ëÄ¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸ðµç ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº ÇöÀç »ê¾÷ÀûÀÎ, »çȸÀûÀÎ, ¶Ç´Â Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ Áý´Üµé¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÈ ȸ¿øÀ¸·Î¼ ÅõÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¼±°ÅÀÎÀº, Á¤ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ À§Å¹µÇ°í Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Áö´Â ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ÀÚ±âµé Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¶Ù¾î³ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Éµµ·Ï ¼±ÃâÇÏ´Â ´Ü°áµÇ°í, ÅëÇյǰí, Áö´ÉÀûÀÎ Áý´Üµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´Éº° ¶Ç´Â Áý´Üº° ÅõÇ¥ ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ ÇÑ °¡Áö°¡ Àִµ¥: ¸Å 6³â¸¶´Ù ¼±ÃâµÇ´Â ¿¬¹æ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® ÁýÇàÀÚ´Â Àü±¹ÀûÀÎ ÅõÇ¥·Î °áÁ¤Çϸç, ¾î¶² ½Ã¹Îµµ ÇÑ Ç¥ ÀÌ»óÀ» Çà»çÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. |
5. At the time this franchise plan was adopted, the territorial method of voting was abandoned in favor of the economic or functional system. All citizens now vote as members of industrial, social, or professional groups, regardless of their residence. Thus the electorate consists of solidified, unified, and intelligent groups who elect only their best members to positions of governmental trust and responsibility. There is one exception to this scheme of functional or group suffrage: The election of a federal chief executive every six years is by nation-wide ballot, and no citizen casts over one vote. |
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72:9.7 |
±×¸®ÇÏ¿©, ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® ÁýÇàÀÚ ¼±°Å¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â, ÅõÇ¥°¡ °æÁ¦Àû, ÁöÀû, »çȸÀû ½Ã¹Î Áý´Ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ½ÃÇàµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ÁÖ(ñ¶)´Â À¯±âüÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̰í, ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í Áö´ÉÀûÀÎ ¸ðµç ½Ã¹Î Áý´ÜµéÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ Á¤ºÎ Á¶Á÷ü ¼Ó¿¡¼ »ýµ¿ÀûÀÌ°í ±â´ÉÀûÀÎ ±â°üÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. |
Thus, except in the election of the chief executive, suffrage is exercised by economic, professional, intellectual, and social groupings of the citizenry. The ideal state is organic, and every free and intelligent group of citizens represents a vital and functioning organ within the larger governmental organism. |
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72:9.8 |
Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Çб³µéÀº, ¸ðµç Á¤½ÅÀå¾ÖÀÚ, °ÔÀ¸¸¥ ÀÚ, ¹«°ü½ÉÇÑ ÀÚ, ¶Ç´Â Á˸¦ ÁöÀº °³º°Á¸ÀçµéÀ» ã¾Æ³»±â À§ÇÏ¿© ÁÖ(ñ¶) ÀçÆÇ¼Òµé¿¡°Ô ¼Ò¼ÛÀ» Á¦±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀ» °®´Â´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±¹¹ÎÀÇ 50ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¿µîÇϰųª °áÇÔÀ» °®°í ÀÖ°í ±×µéÀÌ ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀ» °¡Áú ¶§¿¡´Â ±× ³ª¶ó°¡ ¸ê¸ÁÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº Æò¹üÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ¸é ¾î¶² ³ª¶óµçÁö ¸ÁÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÅõÇ¥´Â Àǹ«ÀûÀ̰í, ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀ» Çà»çÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ¹«°Å¿î ¹ú±ÝÀÌ ºÎ°úµÈ´Ù. |
The schools of statesmanship have power to start proceedings in the state courts looking toward the disenfranchisement of any defective, idle, indifferent, or criminal individual. These people recognize that, when fifty per cent of a nation is inferior or defective and possesses the ballot, such a nation is doomed. They believe the dominance of mediocrity spells the downfall of any nation. Voting is compulsory, heavy fines being assessed against all who fail to cast their ballots. |
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72:10.1 |
¹üÁË ÇàÀ§¿Í Á¤½Åº´ÀÚ ±×¸®°í Ÿ¶ôÇÑ ÀÚµéÀ» ó¸®ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀº, ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼´Â ¸¸Á·½º·´±âµµ ÇϰÚÁö¸¸, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÎ µé¿¡°Ô Ãæ°ÝÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÓ¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø´Ù. Æò¹üÇÑ Á˼öµé°ú Á¤½Åº´ÀÚµéÀº ¼ºº°(àõܬ)·Î ³óÀå °Å·ù¹Î´ÜÀ¸·Î ¼ö¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í Á» ´õ ÀÚȰÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. º¸´Ù ½É°¢ÇÑ »ó½ÀÀû ¹üÁËÀÚµé°ú ºÒÄ¡ÀÇ Á¤½Å ÀÌ»óÀÚµéÀº ÀçÆÇ¼Òµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ À¯µ¶¼º °¡½º½Ç¿¡¼ »çÇü¿¡ Ã³ÇØÁø´Ù. »ìÀιü À̿ܿ¡µµ, Á¤ºÎÀÇ ½Å¿ëÀ» ¹è¹ÝÇÑ ÀÚµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¹üÁËÀڵ鿡°Ôµµ »çÇüÀÌ ±¸ÇüµÇ¸ç, °øÀÇ(Íëëù)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç´Â È®½ÇÇÏ°íµµ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ½Ç½ÃµÈ´Ù. |
The methods of this people in dealing with crime, insanity, and degeneracy, while in some ways pleasing, will, no doubt, in others prove shocking to most Urantians. Ordinary criminals and the defectives are placed, by sexes, in different agricultural colonies and are more than self-supporting. The more serious habitual criminals and the incurably insane are sentenced to death in the lethal gas chambers by the courts. Numerous crimes aside from murder, including betrayal of governmental trust, also carry the death penalty, and the visitation of justice is sure and swift. |
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72:10.2 |
ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ½Ã´ë¿¡¼ Å»ÇÇÇÏ¿© ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ½Ã´ë·Î Á¢¾îµé°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ±×µéÀº, »ìÀÎ ±×¸®°í Áß´ë ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁö¸¦ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾îÁö´Â »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý °Ý¸®µÈ °Å·ù¹Î´ÜÀ¸·Î Æò»ýÅä·Ï »ìµµ·Ï ¼±°íÇÏ´Â ¹üÁË ¿¹¹æ ´ëÃ¥À» ½ÃµµÇϱ⿡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·¯ÇÑ Á˼öµéÀÌ º¸´Ù Á¤»óÀûÀÎ »óÅ·Π¹Ù²î¾úÀ½À» ³ªÁß¿¡ ½ÇÁõÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é, ±×µéÀº °¡¼®¹æµÇ°Å³ª ¾Æ´Ï¸é »ç¸éµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼ÀÇ »ìÀÎ ºñÀ²Àº ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµé¿¡¼ÀÇ ºñÀ²ÀÇ 1ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. |
These people are passing out of the negative into the positive era of law. Recently they have gone so far as to attempt the prevention of crime by sentencing those who are believed to be potential murderers and major criminals to life service in the detention colonies. If such convicts subsequently demonstrate that they have become more normal, they may be either paroled or pardoned. The homicide rate on this continent is only one per cent of that among the other nations. |
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72:10.3 |
¹üÁË¿Í Á¤½Å ÀÌ»óÀÇ È®»êÀ» ¿¹¹æÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀÌ 100³â ÀüºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú°í, ÀÌ¹Ì ¸¸Á·½º·¯¿î °á°ú¸¦ ³º°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°÷¿¡´Â Á¤½Å ÀÌ»óÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ °¨¿ÁÀ̳ª º´¿øÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÑ °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡, ±×°÷¿¡´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áý´ÜµéÀÌ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ýÀÚÀÇ 10ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ Á¤µµ¸¸ Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
Efforts to prevent the breeding of criminals and defectives were begun over one hundred years ago and have already yielded gratifying results. There are no prisons or hospitals for the insane. For one reason, there are only about ten per cent as many of these groups as are found on Urantia. |
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72:11.1 |
¿¬¹æ ±º»çÇб³¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×µéÀÇ ´É·Â°ú üÇè¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ±¹°¡Àû ±¹¹æ À§¿øÈ¸ÀÇ À§¿øÀå¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 7°³ °è±ÞÀÇ ¡°¹®¸íÀÇ ¼öÈ£Àڵ顱·Î ÀÓ¸íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇùÀÇȸ´Â 25¸íÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ÃÖ°í °¡Á¤ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò¿Í ÃÖ°í ±³À° ÀçÆÇ¼Ò ±×¸®°í ÃÖ°í ³ëµ¿ ÀçÆÇ¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Áö¸íµÇ°í, ¿¬¹æ ´ë¹ý¿ø¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ½ÂÀεǸç, °øµ¿ ±º»ç ¾÷¹«ÀÇ Âü¸ðÀå¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á÷±Ç¿¡ µû¶ó Åë¼ÖµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿ä¿øµéÀº 70¼¼°¡ µÉ ¶§±îÁö º¹¹«ÇÑ´Ù. |
Graduates of the federal military schools may be commissioned as "guardians of civilization" in seven ranks, in accordance with ability and experience, by the president of the National Council of Defense. This council consists of twenty-five members, nominated by the highest parental, educational, and industrial tribunals, confirmed by the federal supreme court, and presided over ex officio by the chief of staff of co-ordinated military affairs. Such members serve until they are seventy years of age. |
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72:11.2 |
±×·¸°Ô ÀÓ¸íµÈ Àå±³µéÀÌ À̼öÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °úÁ¤ÀÇ ±â°£Àº 4³âÀ̰í, ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹«¿ª ¶Ç´Â Àü¹®Á÷°ú ¹Ýµå½Ã °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. »ê¾÷Çб³³ª °úÇÐÇб³ ¶Ç´Â Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ Çб³¼ö¾÷°ú ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬ÇÕ ¾øÀÌ´Â ±º»ç ÈÆ·ÃÀº °áÄÚ ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±º»ç ÈÆ·ÃÀÌ ³¡¸¶ÃÄÁú ¶§, °¢ °³º°Á¸Àç´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ 4³â °úÁ¤ ±â°£¿¡, ¿ª½Ã ¶È°°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ 4³â °úÁ¤ÀΠƯ¼öÇб³¿¡¼ °úÁ¤ÀÇ Çϳª·Î¼ ±³À°ÀÇ Àý¹Ýµ¿¾È ¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î, ³²ÀÚµéÀÇ ´ë´Ù¼ö¿¡°Ô ±â¼úÈÆ·ÃÀ̳ª ¶Ç´Â Àü¹®ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ±³À°ÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀ¸·Î È®º¸ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, ÀÚ¸³Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ·± ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÔÀ¸·Î¼, Àü¹® ±º»ç °úÁ¤ÀÇ Ã¢Á¶´Â ÇÇÇØÁø´Ù. |
The courses pursued by such commissioned officers are four years in length and are invariably correlated with the mastery of some trade or profession. Military training is never given without this associated industrial, scientific, or professional schooling. When military training is finished, the individual has, during his four years' course, received one half of the education imparted in any of the special schools where the courses are likewise four years in length. In this way the creation of a professional military class is avoided by providing this opportunity for a large number of men to support themselves while securing the first half of a technical or professional training. |
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72:11.3 |
ÆòÈ ½ÃÀÇ ±º º¹¹«´Â ¼øÀüÈ÷ ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç, ¸ðµç ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¿¡ ÆíÀÔµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀº 4³â µ¿¾È ±Ù¹«ÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ±× ±â°£ µ¿¾È °¢ »ç¶÷Àº ±º»çÀûÀÎ Àü¼úÇÐÀ» Àü°øÇÏ´Â À̿ܿ¡ ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ °èÅëÀÇ °øºÎ¸¦ ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. À½¾Ç ÈÆ·ÃÀº ±× ´ë·úÀÇ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ Èð¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â 25°³ÀÇ ÈÆ·Ã¼Ò¿Í Áß¾Ó ±º»çÇб³¿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â ÁÖ¿ä ¿À¶ôµé ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. »ê¾÷ÀÌ È°¹ßÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ±â°£ µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ ½ÇÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÌ, À°Áö¿Í ¹Ù´Ù ±×¸®°í °øÁß¿¡¼ ±× ³ª¶óÀÇ ±º»ç ¹æ¾î·ÂÀ» Á¦°í(ð«ÍÔ)½ÃŰ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î Ȱ¿ëµÈ´Ù. |
Military service during peacetime is purely voluntary, and the enlistments in all branches of the service are for four years, during which every man pursues some special line of study in addition to the mastery of military tactics. Training in music is one of the chief pursuits of the central military schools and of the twenty-five training camps distributed about the periphery of the continent. During periods of industrial slackness many thousands of unemployed are automatically utilized in upbuilding the military defenses of the continent on land and sea and in the air. |
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72:11.4 |
ºñ·Ï ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÁÖº¯ÀÇ È£ÀüÀûÀÎ ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Ä§·«¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â ¹æ¾î ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î °·ÂÇÑ ÀüÀï üÁ¦¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×µéÀÌ Áö³ 100³â ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ÀÌ ±º»ç ÀÚ¿øµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â ½Å¿ëµµ´Â °¡È÷ ĪÂù¹ÞÀ» ¸¸ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ ÀüÀï ¼öÇà ´É·ÂÀ» È£ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Ȱ¿ëÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â À¯È¤¿¡ ³Ñ¾î°¡Áö ¾ÊÀº ä·Î ¹®¸íÀ» Ȱ±âÂ÷°Ô ¹æ¾îÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼öÁرîÁö ¹®¸íÈ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× ´ë·úÀÇ ÁÖ(ñ¶)µéÀÌ ¿¬¸ÍÀ» ÀÌ·é ÀÌ·¡·Î ³»¶õÀÌ ÇÑ ¹øµµ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, Áö³ µÎ ¼¼±â µ¿¾È ¾ÆÈ© Â÷·Ê¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ¸Í·ÄÇÑ ¹æ¾î ÀüÅõ¸¦ Ä¡·¯¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ±× Áß¿¡ ¼¼ ¹øÀº ¼¼°è °´ë±¹µéÀÇ °·ÂÇÑ µ¿¸Íü¿ÍÀÇ ½Î¿òÀ̾ú´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÀÌ ³ª¶ó°¡ È£ÀüÀûÀÎ ÀÌ¿ôµéÀÇ °ø°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹æ¾î¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϰí ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ³ª¶ó´Â Á¤Ä¡Àεé°ú °úÇÐÀÚµé ±×¸®°í öÇÐÀÚµéÀ» ÈÆ·Ã½ÃŰ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ü½ÉÀ» ½ñ°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
Although these people maintain a powerful war establishment as a defense against invasion by the surrounding hostile peoples, it may be recorded to their credit that they have not in over one hundred years employed these military resources in an offensive war. They have become civilized to that point where they can vigorously defend civilization without yielding to the temptation to utilize their war powers in aggression. There have been no civil wars since the establishment of the united continental state, but during the last two centuries these people have been called upon to wage nine fierce defensive conflicts, three of which were against mighty confederations of world powers. Although this nation maintains adequate defense against attack by hostile neighbors, it pays far more attention to the training of statesmen, scientists, and philosophers. |
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72:11.5 |
Àü ¼¼°è°¡ ÆòÈ·Î¿ï ¶§¿¡´Â, ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¹æ¾î¿ë ÀåºñµéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ¹«¿ª°ú »ó¾÷ ±×¸®°í ¿À¶ôÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ ¼±Æ÷µÇ¸é Àüü ±¹°¡°¡ µ¿¿øµÈ´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ´Â Àüü ±â°£ µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ±ºÀεéÀÌ ¸ðµç »ê¾÷À» Àå¾ÇÇϰí, ¸ðµç ¹«¸® Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®µéÀÌ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® ÁýÇàÀÚÀÇ ³»°¢ÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀÌ µÈ´Ù. |
When at peace with the world, all mobile defense mechanisms are quite fully employed in trade, commerce, and recreation. When war is declared, the entire nation is mobilized. Throughout the period of hostilities military pay obtains in all industries, and the chiefs of all military departments become members of the chief executive's cabinet. |
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72:12.1 |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ »çȸ¿Í Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¿©·¯ ¸é¿¡¼ À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³ª¶óµéÀÇ ±×°Íµéº¸´Ù ¿ì¼öÇÏ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ´Ù¸¥ ´ë·úµé(ÀÌ Ç༺¿¡´Â 11°³°¡ ÀÖ´Ù) À§¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Â Á¤ºÎµéÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºñ±³Àû Áøº¸µÈ ±¹°¡µé¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô µÚ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
Although the society and government of this unique people are in many respects superior to those of the Urantia nations, it should be stated that on the other continents (there are eleven on this planet) the governments are decidedly inferior to the more advanced nations of Urantia. |
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72:12.2 |
¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¼ø°£¿¡, ¶Ù¾î³ ÀÌ Á¤ºÎ´Â µÚÃÄÁø ¹ÎÁ·µé°ú ´ë»ç(ÓÞÞÅ) °ü°è¸¦ ¼ö¸³ÇÒ °èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, óÀ½À¸·Î ÀÌ ÁÖº¯ ±¹°¡µé¿¡°Ô ¼±±³»çµéÀ» º¸³»µµ·Ï ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â À§´ëÇÑ Á¾±³ ÁöµµÀÚ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÃâÇöÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾Á·µé¿¡°Ô ÇϳªÀÇ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¹®È¿Í Á¾±³¸¦ °¿äÇÏ·Á°í ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀúÁú·¶´ø ¿À·ù¸¦ ´ä½ÀÇÏ·Á°í Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ì·ÁÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à¿¡ ÀÌ ´ë·ú ±¹°¡°¡ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÀÌ¿ô ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡°Ô·Î °¡¼ °¡Àå ¿ì¼öÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Àڱ⠳ª¶ó¿¡ µ¥¸®°í ¿Â ÈÄ¿¡, ±×µéÀ» ±³À°½Ã۰í, ¹®È ´ë»ç ÀÚ°ÝÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀ» ´Ù½Ã ±×µéÀÇ ¹Ì°³ÇÑ ÇüÁ¦µé¿¡°Ô·Î º¸³½´Ù¸é, ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸ÚÁø ÀÏÀÌ ÀÌ ¼¼°è¿¡ ¹ú¾îÁö°Ú´Â°¡! ¹°·Ð Áøº¸µÈ ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¿¡ ÁýÁ¤°ü ¾ÆµéÀÌ °ð µµ·¡ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¾öû³ ÀϵéÀÌ ÀÌ ¼¼°è¿¡ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ÀϾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
Just now this superior government is planning to establish ambassadorial relations with the inferior peoples, and for the first time a great religious leader has arisen who advocates the sending of missionaries to these surrounding nations. We fear they are about to make the mistake that so many others have made when they have endeavored to force a superior culture and religion upon other races. What a wonderful thing could be done on this world if this continental nation of advanced culture would only go out and bring to itself the best of the neighboring peoples and then, after educating them, send them back as emissaries of culture to their benighted brethren! Of course, if a Magisterial Son should soon come to this advanced nation, great things could quickly happen on this world. |
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72:12.3 |
ÀÌ¿ô¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Ç༺¿¡¼ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â Àϵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº, À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÁøÈ¸¦ °È½ÃŰ°í ¹®¸íÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃŰ·Á´Â Àǵµ¿¡¼ Ưº°ÇÑ Çã¶ô ÇÏ¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷ À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀÎ µéÀÇ Èï¹Ì¸¦ µ¸¿ì°í °ü½ÉÀ» ²ø±â¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÈξÀ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀ» ÀüÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ À̾߱â´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Áö½ÃµÈ Çã¿ë ÇѰ踦 ¹þ¾î³¯ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
This recital of the affairs of a neighboring planet is made by special permission with the intent of advancing civilization and augmenting governmental evolution on Urantia. Much more could be narrated that would no doubt interest and intrigu |